ab psych eating disorder finals quiz

Clinical descriptions for eating disorders

• anorexia nervosa

• bulimia nervosa

what is bulimia nervosa

binge-eating disorder

anorexia

refers to loss of appetite

nervosa

indicates that the loss of appetite is due to emotional reasons

anorexia nervosa

a life threatening condition. prevalent among young women who are under intense pressure to keep their weight low.

DSM-5 criteria for anorexia nervosa

• refusal to maintain normal body weight

• intense fear of gaining weight and being fat

• distorted body image or sense of their body shape

• amenorrhea (loss of menstrual period)

refusal to maintain normal body weight

the person weighs less than 85 percent (self-induced vomiting, heavy use of laxatives or diuretics)

intense fear of gaining weight and being fat

thiis fear is not reduced by weight loss

distorted body image or sense of their body

their self esteem is cloesly linked to maintaining thinness

amenorrhea

loss of menstrual period. in women, this is cause by extreme emaciation

two types of anorexia nervosa

• restricting type

• binge eating/purging type

restricting type

weight loss is achieved by severely limiting food intake

binge-eating/purging type

exhibit more personality disorders, impulsive behavior, stealing, alcohol and drug abuse, social wiithdrawal, and suicide attempts

physical consequences

• blood pressure falls

• heart rate slows

• kidney and gastrointestinal problems

• bone mass declines

• skin dries out

• nails become britte

• hormone levels change

• mild anemia may occur

bulimia

from the Greek word meaning “ox hunger”

bulimia nervosa

typically begins in late adolescence and more common in women. depression often co-occurs withh bulimia, and each condition appears to be a risk factor for the other

DSM-5 criteria for bulimia nervosa

• recurrent episodes of binge eating

• recurrent compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain (e.g. vomiting)

• body shape and weight are extremely important for self evaluation

recurrent episodes of binge eating

occurs in secret; triggered by stress and negative emotions

recurrent compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain

vomits the eaten food. sticking fingers down their throat; laxative and diuretic abuse as well as fastingg and excessive exercise

body shape and weight are extremely important for self evaluation

highly dissatisfiedd with their body. self esteem depends on weight

physical consequences of bulimia nervosa

• menstrual irregularitiies

• pottasium deplation

• induces diarrhea

• heartbeat irregularities

• tearing of tissue (stomach and throat)

• swollen salivary glands

binge-eating disorder

symptoms:

recurrent binges (2 times a week for at least 6 months)

lack of control during bingeing episode

distress about bingeing

rapid eating and eating alone

often referred to as obese - a person with a BMI of greater than 30

etiology

• genetic factors

• neurobiological factors

• psychodyanamic theories

• cognitive behavioral theories

• sociocultural factors

• personality influences

• characteristics of families

• child abuse and deating disorders

genetic factors

it runs in the family. serotonin may play a role in bulimia and mixed in anorexia

neurobiological factors

abnormal level of cortisol. intense fear of becoming fat.

psychodynamic theories

focus mereley on disturbed parent-child relationships and personality characteristics

cognitive behavioral theories

focus on body dissatisfaction and preoccupation with thinness

sociocultural factors

society’s preoccupation with thinness may play a role in eating disorders. media portrayals of thin models

• gender influences

• cross-cultural studies

• ethnic differences

treatments

• neurobiological treatment

• psychological treatment

neurobiological treatment

use of antidepressants such as fluoxetine (prozac) — decresead depression; lessened distorted attitudes toward food and eating

psychological treatment

• operant conditioning behavioral therapy (achieving weight gain in short-term)

• family therapy - treatment for anorexia

• cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) - most effective psychological treatment for bulimia

treatment for anorexia

family therapy

psychological treatment for bulimia

cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)

preventive interventions

• psychoeducational approaches

• deemphasizing sociocultural influences

• risk factor approach

psychoeducational approaches

focus is on educating children and adolescents about eating disorders to prevent them from developing it

deemphasizing sociocultural influences

the focus is on helping children and adolescents resist or reject sociocultural pressures to be thin

risk factor approach

the focus is on identifying people with known risk factors for developing eating disorders and intervining to alter these factors