Theories, concepts, & perspectives for frq/aaq

Biological (Neuroscience): Perspective

Focuses on brain structures, neurotransmitters, hormones, and genetics.

Behavioral (Learning): Perspective

Focuses on observable behavior and how it is learned through environmental conditioning (Pavlov, Skinner).

Cognitive:Perspective

Focuses on mental processes—how we think, encode, store, and retrieve information (memory, perception, problem-solving).

Psychodynamic: Perspective

Focuses on the unconscious mind, childhood experiences, and repressed memories (Freud).

Humanistic: Perspective

Focuses on free will, self-actualization, and human potential (Maslow, Rogers).

Evolutionary: Perspective

Examines behaviors in terms of natural selection and survival (Darwin).

Sociocultural: Perspective

Focuses on how social situations and cultural norms influence behavior.

Biopsychosocial: Perspetive

An integrated approach combining biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors. 

Behaviorism:Theory

Pavlov (Classical Conditioning), Skinner (Operant Conditioning: Reinforcement/Punishment), Watson (Little Albert).

Cognitive Development:Theory

Jean Piaget (4 stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational).

Personality/Psychodynamic: Theory

Sigmund Freud (Id/Ego/Superego, Defense Mechanisms, Psychosexual Stages), Carl Jung (Collective Unconscious).

Humanistic: Theory

Abraham Maslow (Hierarchy of Needs), Carl Rogers (Client-Centered Therapy, Unconditional Positive Regard).

Social Learning Theory:

Albert Bandura (Observational Learning/Modeling, Bobo Doll Study).

Psychosocial Development:Theory

Erik Erikson (8 stages of development across the lifespan).

Moral Development:Theory

Lawrence Kohlberg (Stages of moral reasoning). 

Learning Concepts:

Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Observational Learning.

Memory Processes: Concepts

Encoding, Storage, Retrieval, Long-Term/Short-Term Memory.

Social Psychology: concepts

Conformity (Asch), Obedience (Milgram), Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger).

Motivation & Emotion: concepts

Drive-Reduction Theory, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, James-Lange Theory.

Personality Traits: Concepts

Big Five Personality Traits (OCEAN: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism).

Research Methods: concepts

Correlational Study vs. Experiment, Independent/Dependent Variables, Random Assignment.