sources for exam

Goodman and Gotlib 1999

Risk for Psychopathology in the Children of Depressed Mothers

Review

topic: neurodevelopment

Goodman and Gotlib key points

integrative model for understanding children's risk in relation to maternal depression

risk is multifactorial and transactional over time, not purely genetic

how maternal depression increases risk for child psychopathology through combined genetic, neuroregulatory, behavioral, and environmental mechanisms

BerneBaum & Beltz 2011

Sexual differentiation of human behavior: Effects of prenatal and pubertal organizational hormones

Review

topic: gender and sex

BerneBaum & Beltz 2011 key points

prenatal hormones have long lasting effects (masculinization of activity and occupational interests, sexual orientation, and some spatial abilities BUT little influnce on gender identity)

Puberty introduces activational effects (may influence gender identity)

hormones influence play, interests, and some cognitive traits, but social factors still matter.

Hyde and Mezulis 2020

Gender Differences in Depression

review

topic: gender and sex

Hyde and Mezulis 2020 key points

females are twice as likely to be depressed as males

ABC (affective, biological, cognitive) model of gender differences in depression

A- emotional reactivity

B - hormones and genetic factors

C- rumination, body consciousness, Negative Cognitive Style

no single cause because differences emerge from interacting vulnerabilities

Thomas 2014

Inequality and the next generation

topics: Social inequality, social determinants of mental health

Thomas 2014 key points

Education systems often reinforce rather than reduce inequality

gradient: difference between high and low class

gradient causes: Withdrawal/Resistance and psychological harm

Structural barriers (e.g., class, resources) shape life outcomes

system-level change needed

Knigge et al 2022

Delayed tracking and inequality of opportunity: Gene-environment interactions in educational attainment

topic: social determinants of mental health, quantitative genetics

Knigge et al 2022 key points

Delayed tracking increases the influence of genetic factors on secondary educational track levels

Delaying tracking lowers shared environmental influence increases genetic influence on track level in adolescence

For low-performing students, immediate tracking increases dependence on environmental factors, whereas delayed tracking allows for a more equitable playing field

Margolin and Gordis 2000

The Effects of Family and Community Violence on Children

review

topics: childhood truama, social determinants of mental health

Margolin and Gordis 2000 key points

Exposure to family and community violence severely disrupts children's development

includes: emotional/psych truama (PTSD, depression, anxiety, etc); behvaiorual issues; academic deficits, physical health consequences; neurobiological changes (emotional regulation, amygdala); social dysfunction; developmental regression

protective factors: community stability, supportive relationships

Lund et al., 2018

Social determinants of mental disorders and the Sustainable Development Goals: a systematic review of reviews

topics: social determinants

Lund et al., 2018 key points

categorized determinants into five main areas:

(1) Demographic (gender, age),

(2) Economic (poverty, employment),

(3) Neighbourhood (urbanization, social capital),

(4) Environmental events (climate, disasters)

(5) Social/Cultural (discrimination, conflict)