AGR 506 Canine repro

When does puberty occur in canines?

6-24 months (12 average)

-Males- 9 months

-Females 12 months

What type of estrus cycle does canines have?

Monestrous

How many estrus cycles do canids typically have every 2 year duration?

3

What is Monoestrous?

one estrus during breeding season that last for several days

What are the estrus cycle stages?

-Proestrous

-Estrus

-Diestrus

-Anestrus

How long does Proestrus last and what occurs?

-5-9 days

-Male interested, Female not

-Bloody discharge, vulva swollen

How long is Estrus and what occurs?

-5-9 days typically (can be dependent on dog)

-Slight bleeding, eggs release in oviduct

-Male and female are both interested (flagging tale)

What happens during Diestrus and how long does it last?

-60 days, prego or not

-Progesterone dominate

-no longer receptive

What is Anestrus and how long does it last?

-90-150 days

-No signs of sexuality

What is Interestrus?

-Diestrus + Anestrus

-5-7 months

When does Copulation occur?

Estrus

How long does Copulation last in the canine?

5 mins to 1 hour

What are the stages that occur during copulation?

- Courtship (Licking of vulva, tale to side)

-Mounting ( bulbus gland engorges creating the tie

-Ejaculation

What is Progesterone produced by?

CL

How long do sperm cells live in the bitches uterus?

Up to 7 days

T/F:

Sperm cells that enter the oviduct withing the first 30 second of breeding will impregnant the female.

False

How much progesterone is required to keep a bitch pregnant?

2ng/ml

How long does Gestation last in canine?

63 days from ovulation, 65 days from LH peak

T/F:

Abdominal palpation can be used to diagnose pregnancy.

True

Can the Uterus be abdominally palpated before day 21 of diestrus?

no

After day 21, what does the uterus feel like during pregancy?

walnuts

What is the best way to diagnose pregnancy:

Abdominal Palpation

Ultrasound

Radiograph

Ultrasound

Through Ultrasound, gestational sacs can be visible how early on in pregnancy?

18-20 past LH peak

When do fetal skeletons become opaque with radiograph?

43-46 days after LH peak

What day can a number, size, and position of fetus be calculated on radiographs?

After 50 days

How can dystocia's be diagnosed?

-Vaginoscopy

-Ultrasonography

-Radiography

-CBC/Chemistry panel

-Progesterone levels

What is pseudopregnancy?

False pregnancy

What causes pseudopregnancy?

Rapid decline in progesterone at end of normal diestrus, coupled with a rise of prolactin

What is a major cause of pyometra?

Diestrus disease (estrus occurred within the last month)

Is it safe to leave a closed cervix pyometra?

No, needs immediate surgery

How to officially diagnose pyometra?

-History

-Clinical signs

-WBC is high w/ left shift

-UA

-elevated BUN

-Ultrasound/radiograph

What is the best treatment method of a pyometra?

Ovariohysterectomy

What are some clinical signs of a pyometra?

-Vaginal discharge

-Depression

-Lethargy

-Inappetence

-Vomiting

-Polyuria/polydipsia

When does LH peak into estrus?

24-48 hours

Ovulation occurs how long after LH surge?

24-48 hours (day 3 or 4 of estrus)

What happens to oocytes that aren't fertilized in canines?

They die 3-4 days post maturation (5-6 days past ovulation)

When is the most fertile period for breeding in canines?

3rd to 5th day of estrus

What is the average length of the first stage of parturition?

6-12 hours (sometimes up to 36 hours)

What happens to the bitch behaviorally and internally during the first stage of parturition?

-Preparatory phase for whelping

-Restlessness

-Nesting

-Panting and shivers

-Temp drop to 99 F (85% of bitches do this 24 hours before stage 2)

-Decline in progesterone

What happens to the bitch behaviorally and internally during the second stage of parturition?

-pushing of puppies

-pup engages in cervix and anterior vagina

How long does stage 2 of parturition last?

-20 mins to 1 hour per puppy (3-6 hours average in total)

-Can last up to 24 hours in special situations but no more than 2 hours should go by between puppies

What happens to the bitch behaviorally and internally during the third stage of parturition?

Expulsion of placenta

T/F:

After two hours of no activity, it is recommended that a radiograph be done to make sure everything has cleared during birth.

True

Will the placenta always come after each pup?

Not always, sometimes you may get two pups before a placenta

When should clients be concerned of possible dystocia?

-30 minutes of strong contractions with no pups

-2-3 hours of weak and infrequent expulsive effort failing to deliver pups

-4 or more hours between pups

-pup hanging out

What is Primary Uterine inertia and what is the management / treatment for this type of dystocia?

-Dely in second stage of parturition, Uterus is not contracting

-Give 3 doses of oxytocin in 20-to-30-minute intervals

- If oxytocin does not work, cesarean

What is prolonged gestation and what is the management or treatment plan for this type of dystocia?

-Subjective to information from owner

-Rule out pseudopregnancy and incorrect breeding date

-If viable pups, waiting game

What is Secondary Uterine Inertia and what is the management / treatment plan for this type of dystocia?

-Delay in resuming stage 2 of labor after one or more births

-Do blood work and examination to assess dam and to check for obstruction in the birth canal

-Administer 2 doses of calcium gluconate as needed every 45 mins, if not response, cesarian

What are some possible causes of delays during stage 2 after the first pup is born?

-Exhaustion

-Obstruction

-Low calcium or low blood glucose

-Older bitch

What is obstruction and what in the management or treatment for this type of dystocia?

-Pushing but no babies:

*30 minutes of strong contractions with no pups

*2-3 hours of weak and infrequent expulsive effort failing to deliver pups

*4 or more hours between pups

*pup hanging out

-DO NOT GIVE OXYTOCINE

-Assisted birth or cesarian depending on the extremity of the situation

T/F:

Pups born as little as 2 days early do not have surfactant and probably will not live.

True

Are Chinchillas polyestrous or monestrous?

Polyestrous

What type of ovulators are Chinchillas?

Spontaneous ovulators

When do Chinchillas reach puberty?

7-9 months

How long is a chinchilla estrous cycle?

28-35 days

What is the typical litter size of chinchillas and how are they born?

-1-2 kits

-precocially

How long is Chinchilla gestation?

111 days, longest of the rodents

What is a fur ring?

Fur that gets built up over time in the pubis area

What is a chinchillas life span and when they typically wean?

-Up to 20 years

-6 weeks

What are the names of the chinchillas that were handles in class and what color pattern did they have?

-Cirrus and Nimbus

-Mosaic intact brothers

T/F:

Lab animals are always handled dirty to clean to get the dirtiest out of the way.

False, always clean to dirty