Ap world Chapter 13: The Expansive Realm of Islam

The Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca is known as the

hajj.

The term Islam means

"submission."

The phrase, "one who has submitted," is the meaning of the term

Muslim

The phrase dar al-Islam means

"house of Islam."

In 595, Muhammad married a wealthy widow named

Khadija.

The Quran

God's word

The turning point in the rise of Islam was

the hijra.

The Islamic holy law is known as the

sharia.

No religious leader could follow Muhammad, so political authority rested in the position of the

caliph

After the death of Muhammad, political leadership fell to a caliph by the name of

Abu Bakr.

The Shia believe that

the caliphate should follow the line of Ali.

The main split inside Islam was between Sunni and

Shia.

After the assassination of Ali, power fell to the

Umayyad dynasty.

The victorious Arabic armies of the Umayyad dynasty

allowed the conquered peoples to practice their own religions

The Umayyad insisted that conquered people pay a special head tax if they did not convert to Islam. This head tax was called the

jizya.

The founder of the Abbasid dynasty was

Abu al-Abbas.

The Abbasid dynasty differed from the Umayyad dynasty in that

it was not a conquering dynasty.

The capital of the Abbasid empire was

Baghdad.

The word ulama refers to

"people with religious knowledge."

During the last two hundred years of the Abbasid empire, it fell under the control of the

Saljuq Turks

What new industry, transmitted to the Islamic world from China, was introduced during the

paper manufacture

Caravanserais were

inns offering food and lodging for traveling merchants.

Islamic banks honored letters of credit, which could be drawn on the parent bank, known as

sakk.

The Quran, following the example of Muhammad, allowed men to have up to how many wives?

four

How did the conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia influence the role of women in the Islamic world?

Islamic society became more patriarchal.

In an effort to recruit learned students, Islamic leaders often financially supported institutions of higher learning called

madrasas.

The Sufis believed

in an emotional and mystical union with Allah.

The other name for the collection of stories known as The Arabian Nights is

The Thousand and One Nights.

Arabic numbers actually had their origin in

India.

The Islamic thinker who studied Aristotle and whose thought, in turn, influenced the rise of European scholasticism was

Ibn Rushd.

The month of fasting

Ramadan

Kaaba

What was Gabriel's command to Muhammad?

Recite!

The Sayings of the Prophet

Hadith