USA case study (bilateral flows between AC's)
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41 Terms
How many immigrants live in the USA
51 million (as of 2024)
What percentage of the US population is immigrants
13%
How many US citizens live abroad
4.8 million
How much higher are wages in the US vs. some latin countries
up to 10 times higher
What are the main factors that attract immigrants to the USA
Media - the concept of the american dream
Proximity
Economic migration
Family reunification
Education opportunities and healthcare
How many people are caught trying to cross the southern US land border each year
500,000
What is another way - via land - used by MExicans to attempt to enter the USA
Cargo train ‘La Bestia’ crosses the border, and so many attempt to ride it
How big is the Sonoran Desert - Arizona
23,000 km² - with 380 miles being along the USA Mexico border
What is the H-2A Agricultural VIsa program
Due to the overwhelming amount of labour migrants, USA set up a scheme - employers effectivley pay for migrants Visas, housing and ensure they are safe
How much did the H2-A visa program cost per worker
$1,000 in visas and fees
Why was the H-2A program a fail?
$98,000 was spent on advertising for only 8,000 jobs, and while 250 US employers applied, only 10 finished the season (not economically viable - worth it)
How many Mexicans live in the USA
11.5 million
How many Americans live in Mexico?
1 million
How many permenant immigrant visas a year does the US give out
675,000
What are the categories for a permenant US visa
Family reunification
Highly skilled migrants
Visas to protect refugees
Promote diversity
What is the limit for family reunification visas?
480k per year
What is the limit for highly skilled migrants
140k per year
What changes did trump make in his first in his first term (2016)
Stopped all refugees for 120 days
Cut the refugee quota from 110k to 50k
By ending the temporary residence program, how many Haitians did Trump displace in 2016
60,000
How long was Trump’s proposed wall (in km)
1600km
What did Trump’s RAISE act intend to do
(Reforming american immigration for a stronger economy) =- decreasing levels of legal migration by 50% - capping refugees by 50,000 and ending diversity visa lottery
Trumps 2nd term policies
Ending birthright citizenship to the USA
‘Remain In Mexico’ - asylum seekers waiting to have their applications approved must wait in Mexico, even if not originally from there
Allowing ICE to enter churches, schools and hospitals
Halting Asylum seeking proccess
Deploying 4,000 troops at borders, 5,000 military aircraft
Is the USA in a net migration loss or gain
Net migration gain
How much was sent back to Mexico in Remittances in 2015?
$25.2 billion
How much was sent in 2022 to Mexico in remittances?
$61.1bn
What percentage of Mexico’s GDP is remittances?
4.2%
What was signed in the 90’s, leading to an increase in bi-lateral trade trade?
NAFTA ( North American Free Trade Agreement) - eased migration between USA and Mexico
How much has Mexico recieved in FDI?
over $150bn.
What has Mexico spent majority of its foreign direct investment on?
Developing its quartenery industry - aerospace tech to later sell to the USA
On what have the American and Mexican governments collaborated on?
Merida initiative - fighting against drug trafficking and money laundering
(Enviromental collaboration) Between the USA and Mexico?
Minute-319 agreement - sharing water from the Colorado river basin in times of water shortage, ensuring everyone has access to water from the river
How many undocumented mexicans are living in the USA?
5 million
How many illegal immigrants are in the USA?
10.9 million
How much does it cost ICE per illegal deportee seized in the USA
$10,854
What problems are caused by immigrants trying to cross the Rio Grande and Sonoran Desert?
Due to extreme heat/ chance of drowning, thousands left with health problems and it becomes USA’s duty of care to treat them - overwhelming health services
Where is an example of a high immigrant concentration creating a scarcity in resources?
South California - water shortage
How is immigration a trigger for increased racial attacks?
President Trump’s campaign + propaganda fuelling xenophonia and hatred towards anyone different triggers violence towards immigrants
How long is the Mexico - USA border?
2000 miles
What percentage of Mexicans work in the service industry?
31%
how much (dollars) do ilegal immigrants pay in taxes?
$12 billion
Overall, how much do all immigrants pay in taxes?
$90 billion - only using $5 billion