Chapter 17-19: Crocodylians; Avemetatarsalia & Origin of Dinosaurs; Theropods and the Origin of Birds

mobile gastralia

muscle from the pelvis inserts on this bone to help increase the volume of the chest and allow inhalation

crocodylians and birds

Which living animals are most closely related to the Archosaurian lineage that included Mesozoic forms like dinosaurs

antorbital fenestra

opening in the skull that is located in the front of the eye

fourth trochanter

projection on bone on the femur that is evident for tail muscle attachment

crawling, walking, belly sliding, and galloping

What are the different types of motion that crocodiles and alligators use?

True

True or False: The American crocodile has always been considered rare in Florida

specialist fish predators

gharials are known as what?

fixed quadrate bone

this bone is known to provide skull strength in crocodiles and alligators

mobile gastralia

provides support for the abdomen and attachment sites for abdominal muscles

secondary palate

hard and soft palates that divides the nasal cavity from the oral cavity; allows breathing during feeding

True

True or False: crocodiles have a “normal” 4-chambered heart

single aorta

Where does the systemic circuit for blood flow start with in crocodiles?

True

True or False: the ventricles are completely separated in a crocodile heart

two

How many vessels exit the right ventricle in crocodiles?

one

How many vessels exit the left ventricle in crocodiles?

foramen of panizza

connects the left and right aorta; the function is to shunt blood from pulmonary system to systemic circulation

True

True or False: In the active state, the right valve in right ventricle is held shut; but the foramen remains open

True

True or False: all crocodiles/alligators are oviparous

True

True or False: crocodiles and alligators use temperature-dependent sex determination

(or environmental sex determination)

extreme temperatures

Under what temperatures are females produced in alligators and crocodiles?

intermediate temperatures

Under what temperatures are males produced in alligators and crocodiles?

Pseudosuchia

a branch of archosaurs that include crocodylomorpha

Avemetatarsalia

a branch of archosaurs that include terosaurs, “dinosaurs” and birds

True

True or False: dinosaurs have a direct connection between crocodiles and birds

pubis, ischium, and ilium

What are the three bones that form the pelvic girdle?

acetabulum

the socket for the head of the femur

Ornithischians

known as bird hipped (but did not lead to the birds)

Saurischians

known as dinosaur hipped

theropods

carnivorous lineage of Saurischian dinosaurs that have a furcula and small, lightly built, long arms and legs, hands with three fingers

Tyrannasuroides

a coelurosaur lineage that is known as the t-rex

Maniraptorans

a coelurosaur lineage that is known as “predators that grasp with hands”, but were also feathered