MKP AND VOCAB WHAP UNIT 9

apartheid

a policy of racial segregation as well as political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of South Africa

refugee

a person who flees to a foreign country or power to escape danger or political persecution

standard of living

the quality of life of a person or a population, as indicated by goods, services, and luxuries available

recession

a slowdown in a nation’s economy

dissident

an opponent of a government’s policies or actions

ethnic cleansing

a policy of murder and brutality used to eliminate a population (ex: Bosnian Muslims after Yugoslavia breakup)

genetic engineering

introduction of genes into an organism to give it new traits

cloning

creating genetically identical plants or animals

Green Revolution

increase in food production due to high-yield crops, pesticides, and improved farming techniques

global economy

financial interactions across countries involving people, businesses, and governments

free trade

commerce between nations without restrictions like tariffs

fundamentalism

strict belief in the basic truths and practices of a religion

materialism

placing high value on acquiring possessions

developing nation

a country still undergoing industrialization and modernization

consumerism

belief that increasing consumption of goods is economically beneficial and a focus on buying goods

Americanization

spread of U.S. culture globally

anime

Japanese hand-drawn animation style

Anthropocene

current era where humans have the biggest impact on Earth’s climate and environment

terrorism

use of violence or threats to influence governments or populations

junta

military or political group that takes power by force

globalization

increasing integration of global economy, politics, and culture

cholera

bacterial disease spread through contaminated water, common in poor areas lacking clean water

Ebola

deadly viral disease discovered in Congo in 1976, spread through bodily fluids, high fatality rate

Greenpeace

environmental organization founded in 1971 fighting deforestation, climate change, whaling, and overfishing

K-pop

Korean pop music blending Korean and English, globally popular

Kyoto Protocol

1997 international agreement to reduce carbon emissions

multinational corporation

company operating in multiple countries

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)

1994 agreement between U.S., Canada, and Mexico promoting free trade and production in Mexico

Negritude Movement

movement in French West Africa promoting Black identity and rejecting colonial rule

reggae

Jamaican music blending jazz, rhythm and blues, and mento; tied to Rastafarianism

Tiananmen Square

1989 protest in China that was violently suppressed

Deng Xiaoping

Chinese Communist leader who reformed the economy and opened China to global markets

Martin Luther King Jr.

American civil rights leader who used nonviolent protest inspired by Gandhi

Ida B. Wells

journalist and early civil rights leader, co-founder of NAACP

Pele

Brazilian soccer player considered one of the greatest ever

Michael Phelps

American swimmer, most decorated Olympian with 28 medals

Mark Zuckerberg

co-founder of Facebook and tech entrepreneur

Margaret Sanger

birth control activist who helped establish Planned Parenthood

Jonas Salk

developed first successful polio vaccine

Norman Borlaug

led agricultural improvements of the Green Revolution

Guglielmo Marconi

pioneer of long-distance radio transmission

Christian Barnard

performed first successful heart transplant

Nelson Mandela

ended apartheid and became South Africa’s first Black president

Augusto Pinochet

Chilean dictator who took power in a U.S.-backed coup

Bob Marley

Jamaican reggae artist and global cultural icon

Leonid Brezhnev

Soviet leader during Cold War stagnation

Wangari Maathai

founded Green Belt Movement, focused on environment and women’s rights

Kwame Nkrumah

led Ghana to independence and supported Pan-Africanism

Ronald Reagan

U.S. president who opposed communism and helped end Cold War tensions

Margaret Thatcher

British prime minister known as the “Iron Lady,” led UK during late Cold War