lab 3: appendicular skeleton

Clavicle

Bottom is rough, top is smooth. (Whole bone)

Sternal end

Medial end of clavicle; more flat; sits in sternum

Acromial end

Lateral end; paddle

Right vs. Left Clavicle

Sternal end is coming out to you first.

Acromial end's curvature is pointing towards the back.

Rough portion should be facing down, smooth portion up.

Coronoid (tip) facing back.

Scapulae

Name the entire structure:

Shoulder blades

Body of scapula

Flat part below the scapular spine ENTIRE REGION

Superior border of scapula

top lining of scapula

Medial border of scapula

Lining on side of scapula; medial on body; more curved

Lateral border of scapula

inside lining almost straight down; less curved

Inferior angle of scapula

bottom point on body of scapula; point where the medial and lateral borders meet

Glenoid cavity

Space where humerus goes in

Coracoid process of scapula

anterior to glenoid cavity; in the front

Acromion

behind coracoid process

Scapular spine

posterior (back of); connected to acromion

Subscapular fossa

Shallow depression in scapula, from superior border to inferior angle

Supraspinous fossa

above scapular spine (on back)

Infraspinous fossa

below scapular spine (on back)

Right vs. Left (Scapulae)

Glenoid cavity if lateral

Scapular spine is posterior; spine sticks out

Humerus

Upper arm

head of humerus

Medial, fits in scapula round portion (glenoid cavity)

Greater tubercle of humerus

Top portion of hump, right next to head (laterally)

Lesser tubercle of humerus

faces forward (can only see from front); below the greater tubercle

Anatomical neck

Separates head from tubercles

Surgical neck

Right below lesser tubercle; where everything starts to narrow

Deltoid tuberosity

Rough patch; think of deltoid muscle (this points to it)

Right vs. Left (Humerus)

Head of humerus is medial and proximal; olecranon fossa is posterior (big indent)

Medial epicondyle of humerus

parallel to the head of humerus; outermost

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

outermost projection on the lateral side

Capitulum

only on the front; inferior to the lateral epicondyle

Trochlea of humerus

"Hourglass"; bumps next to capitulum

Olecranon fossa

posterior; large indent on bottom

Coronoid fossa

Biggest depression on anterior side of humerus. Right above trochlea of humerus ("Hour glass")

Radial fossa

Shallow depression right above capitulum; anterior

Antebrachium

Forearm

Ulna

On pinky side, most medial; "ice cream scoop"

Olecranon

"scooper"; posterior; fits into olecranon fossa

Trochlear notch

"where ice cream goes into"; depression below olecranon

Coronoid process of ulna

"bottom of scooper"

Radial notch

lateral; side of coronoid process where radius fits in

Ulnar tuberosity

rough patches under coronoid process

Head of ulna

circular knob on bottom

Styloid process of ulna

longest point on the bottom of bone

Right vs. Left (Ulna)

trochlear notch is anterior; radial notch is lateral

Radius

thumbs up = "rad"

Head of radius

knob on the top

Neck of radius

narrows after the head

Radial tuberosity

rough patch after the head

Styloid process of radius

lateral (pinky); bottom end of radius

Ulnar notch

head of the ulna fits in

Right vs. Left (Radius)

radial tuberosity = medial/anterior

Carpal bones

8 total

Scaphoid

"So"; longest one

Lunate

"Long"

Triquetrum

"To" ; small bone behind pisiform

Pisiform

"Pinky"

Hamate

"Here"; under ring finger

Capitate

"Comes"; underneath middle finger

Trapezoid

"The"; underneath index finger

Trapezium

"Thumb"; right below the thumb (pollex)

Metacarpal bones I

thumb (pollex)

Metacarpal bones II

index finger

Metacarpal bones III

middle finger

Metacarpal bones IV

ring finger

Metacarpal bones V

pinky

Phalanges (Thumb or pollex)

2 bones; proximal, distal

Phalanges (Index, middle, ring, pinky)

3 bones; proximal, middle, distal

Metacarpal IV

(AND/OR)

Proximal phalanx of Metacarpal III

How to properly write the specific part of the metacarpals/phalanges

Ilium

top region

Iliac crest

ridge on top of illium

Anterior superior iliac spine

lateral; top point on lateral side

Anterior inferior iliac spine

second point below anterior superior

Posterior superior iliac spine

medial; above inferior

Posterior inferior iliac spine

medial; below superior

Greater sciatic notch

big notch below posterior inferior iliac spine (large indent)

Arcuate line

ridge below iliac fossa

Iliac fossa

smooth portion on top of surface

Auricular surface of ilium

rough patch where the sacrum fits into; lateral to iliac fossa

Ischium

what we're sitting on; right after notch

Ischial spine

point after greater sciatic notch

Lesser sciatic notch

depression/indent after ischial spine

Ischial tuberosity

rough patch; below the lesser sciatic notch (what you feel when you sit)

Ischial ramus

arch outside of notch; first half on the ischium

Pubis

region

Superior ramus of pubis

top half

Inferior ramus of pubis

bottom half; after ischial ramus

Pectineal line

other half of ridge; goes up to the arcuate line in ilium

Pubic symphysis

where two coccyeal bones connect; padding where they connect

Acetabulum

where the femur fits into; hip socket

Obturator foramen

holes on the bottom (2) - in coccyeal bones

Sacroiliac joint

where the sacrum and illium come together; would only test together with sacrum

Right vs. Left (Pelvic Girdle)

Acetabulum = lateral

Iliac crest = posterior

Greater sciatic notch = posterior

(Hold like a telephone)

Male vs. Female (Pelvic Girdle)

Male: less than 90 degree angle under pubic symphysis

Female: greater than 90 degree angle under pubic symphysis. (use paper)

**Baby skull should be able to go through the female's pelvic girdle**

Femur

big caveman like bone

Femoral head

medial

Fovea capitis

small indent in femoral head

Neck of femur

narrows after femoral head

Greater trochanter of femur

lateral; side of head

Lesser trochanter of femur

medial (same side as femoral head); smaller bump

Linea aspera

posterior; ridge on posterior side of femur

Medial epicondyle of femur

most medial "outward" projection