Heart Anatomy and Function

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the lecture on heart anatomy and function, including cardiovascular structures, blood flow pathways, and blood components.

Pericardium

A protective covering of the heart consisting of an outer fibrous layer and a serous layer with parietal and visceral components.

Myocardium

The middle layer of the heart wall made of cardiac muscle responsible for contraction.

Epicardium

The outer layer of the heart, also known as the visceral layer of the serous pericardium.

Endocardium

The inner lining of the heart that ensures smooth blood flow.

Tricuspid Valve

A heart valve that allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve

A heart valve that allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

Cardiac Muscle

Striated muscle found in the heart that is involuntary and has intercalated discs for cellular connection.

SA Node

The sinoatrial node, which is the primary pacemaker of the heart that initiates the heartbeat.

ECG

Electrocardiogram, a recording of the electrical activity of the heart.

Stroke Volume (SV)

The amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat.

Hypertension

Chronic high blood pressure, which can lead to serious health risks.

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

Red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body via hemoglobin.

Leukocytes

White blood cells responsible for immune defense against infections.

Hemostasis

The process that prevents and stops bleeding, involving vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation.

Hepatic Portal System

A blood vessel system that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver.