Community Interventions

What are the objectives of this lecture?

Identify need for occupation‑based interventions; understand OT’s role in community interventions; identify needs assessment steps; compare individual vs community programming; understand sustainable occupation‑based community programs.

What does OT aim to meet in community interventions?

“Individual, group, and population occupational health needs.”

What does the OTPF outline regarding health?

OT’s role in health promotion.

What are the three components of the Triple Aim?

Enhance care experience; improve population health; reduce healthcare costs.

What are the four components of the Quadruple Aim?

Population health; patient experience; cost reduction; care team wellbeing.

What is the Quintuple Aim?

An expanded aim that includes equity in addition to the Quadruple Aim.

What is interprofessional teamwork?

“The levels of cooperation, coordination and collaboration… in delivering patient‑centered care.”

What is program development?

Planning, implementing, and evaluating strategies in a continuous cycle with feedback.

What are key program planning principles?

Communication; SWOT analysis; establishing priorities/objectives/resources; designing/implementing/evaluating activities.

What is preplanning?

Identifying stakeholders, resources, timing, organizational priorities, and planning processes such as brainstorming.

Who are stakeholders?

People who may or may not directly benefit but influence program outcomes.

What does “plan with people” emphasize?

Start with the community you wish to serve; collaboration is key.

What types of data are used in planning?

Previous data; qualitative data such as focus groups, interviews, testimonials.

What is CBPR?

“A collaborative approach to research that equitably involves all partners… combining knowledge with action to achieve social change.”

What are the key steps of CBPR?

Community entry; problem identification; study design; recruitment and retention; data collection; analysis and reporting; dissemination.

What makes CBPR different?

Mutual ownership; shared decision‑making; long‑term partnerships; diverse settings; varied research methods.

Why use CBPR?

Better communication; meets community needs; improves attitudes; reduces cultural/racial/class barriers.

Who is involved in CBPR?

People most affected; decision makers and stakeholders.

When is CBPR used?

When training is needed for both academics and lay community members; when it is the only way to assist the target community; when qualitative or quantitative data is required; and when community buy‑in is essential.

Why does CBPR require time?

Because it involves training both academic researchers and lay community members to participate equitably.

Why is CBPR sometimes a necessity?

Because it may be the only effective way to assist the target community and ensure interventions match real needs.

What type of information does qualitative research provide in CBPR?

Information that cannot be expressed through statistics, such as experiences, perceptions, and narratives.

What type of information does quantitative research provide in CBPR?

Numerical data such as program completion numbers, participation rates, or measurable outcomes.

Why is community buy‑in important in CBPR?

Because successful CBPR depends on community engagement, trust, and shared ownership of the research process.

What is Model 1 of CBPR?

A single‑theme collaboration between a university‑based center and a community organization; a focused, single‑themed partnership.

What is Model 2 of CBPR?

A targeted, area‑based collaboration between academic researchers and a small group of community organizations.

What is Model 3 of CBPR?

A broad‑based coalition of grassroots organizations working together on community‑identified issues.

What are community‑based OT interventions?

Providing health services in community settings such as community mental health programs.

What are community‑level OT interventions?

Population‑focused approaches designed to change norms or behaviors, such as smoking cessation policies in restaurants.

What are community‑centered OT interventions?

Interventions initiated by the community where members are the experts, such as community‑organized food/meal services after Hurricane Harvey with support from researchers and corporations.

What is MAPIT?

Mobilize, Assess, Plan, Implement, Track.

What does the PEOP model contribute to CBPR?

Situational analysis including population description, environmental scan, health status, intrinsic factors, and occupational participation.

What are the four components of the Quality of Life Model?

Doing, Being, Belonging, Becoming.

What is capacity building in CBPR?

Developing shared vision and sustainability through synergy.

What is a needs assessment?

“Process of identifying strengths, assets, needs, and challenges specific to a targeted community.”

What occurs in Needs Assessment Phase 1?

Information gathering; learning about the community; literature review; identifying resources; determining need areas.

What goals are set in Phase 1?

Define goals, strategy, roles, expectations, timeline, and target population.

What occurs in Needs Assessment Phase 2?

Preparation; identifying who to survey; selecting measures; data collection; analysis; final report.

What is a community profile?

Occupational profile describing target population, collective condition, and contextual domains.

What are common data collection methods?

Literature review; secondary data; questionnaires; interviews; public forums; focus groups.

What is program evaluation?

Assessing effectiveness, efficacy, goal achievement, and outcomes of services or interventions.

What is the purpose of a vision statement?

Describes the ideal future state the organization aspires to.

What is the purpose of a mission statement?

Defines the organization’s core purpose and actions.

What is the INSPIRE model?

Identify values; Name population; Set vision; Plan mission; Identify activities; Review and revise; Enlist others.

What is included in an implementation plan?

Target population and recruitment strategies.

Define goal, objective, and activity.

Goal = broad aim; Objective = measurable step; Activity = task aligned with goals and objectives.

What are SMART objectives?

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time‑bound.

What are community health interventions?

Health services offered where people live, work, learn, and play.

What are community‑level interventions?

Population‑based approaches addressing sociocultural, economic, political, and environmental factors.

What are community‑centered interventions?

Community‑initiated programs using existing resources with researchers as facilitators.

What are the three types of community collaborations?

Cooperation; Coalition; Collaboration.

What are the three types of community partnerships?

Action partnerships; Organization partnerships; Development partnerships.

What are the 4 Rs of trust?

Reliability, Roles, Respect, Rituals.

What is the purpose of a sustainability plan?

Identify challenges and ensure long‑term program viability.

What are examples of Texas community health programs?

Better Living for Texans; Healthy Texas Women; STREETS program.