Organic Functional Groups Priority and Nomenclature

Flashcards covering the priority, functional group names, suffixes, and structures of organic compounds based on the provided chemistry lecture notes.

Functional Group Priority Order

The structural priority in a multifunctional molecule follows the sequence: Carboxylic Acid > Ester > Amide > Aldehyde > Ketone > Alcohol > Amine.

Secondary Functional Groups

Functional groups that are not the primary function in a molecule and are designated using prefixes.

Loïc est l'ami de Dalton

A mnemonic used to remember the priority of the first five functional groups: acid ($-o\text{ique}$), ester, amide, aldehyde, and cétone (ketone).

Carboxylic Acid (Acide carboxylique)

A functional group characterized by the Carboxyl group ($R-COOH$) and the suffix -oic ($-oïque$).

Ester

A functional group characterized by the structure ($R-COO-R'$) and named with the suffix -oate of $-yl$ ($R\text{-oate de } R'\text{-yle}$).

Amide

A functional group characterized by the structure ($-CON-$) and the suffix -amide.

Aldehyde (Aldéhyde)

A functional group characterized by the Carbonyl group ($R-COH$) and the suffix -al.

Ketone (Cétone)

A functional group characterized by a Carbonyl group ($R-CO-R'$) and the suffix -one.

Alcohol (Alcool)

A functional group characterized by the Hydroxyl group ($-OH$) and the suffix -ol.

Amine

A functional group characterized by the structure ($-CN-$) and the suffix -amine; it can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary.