Arch 10B Final

Maison Dom-ino, Le Corbusier (1914-15)

Villa Muller, Adolf Loos (1929-30)

Villa Savoye, Le Corbusier (1928-31)

Paimio Sanatorium, Alvar Aalto (1929-33)

Fallingwater, Frank Lloyd Wright (1936-37)

Frankfurt Kitchen, Margarete Schutte-Lihotzky (1926)

Barcelona Pavilion, Mies van der Rohe (1928-29)

Schroder House, Gerrit Rietveld (1924)

Sagrada Familia, Antonio Gaudi (1882-2026?)

Tatlin’s Tower, Vladimir Tatlin (1919)

Chrysler Building, William Van Alen (1929-30)

Greater Shanghai Plan, Dong Dayou (1927-29)

Germania, Albert Speer (1937-41)

IIT, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1941-56)

Seagram Building, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson (1955-58)

Palace of Nations, (1929-38)

UN HQ, Wallace Harrison (1948-52)

Unite d’Habitation, Le Corbusier (1947-52)

Foundling Estate, Patrick Hodgkinson (1967-72)

Futurama, Norman Bel Geddes (1939-40)

Levittown, William J. Levitt (1952-58)

Milliron’s Department Store, Victor Gruen (1948-49)

Chandigarh, India, Le Corbusier (1950-62)

Brasilia, Lucio Costa, Oscar Niemeyer, and Joaquim Cardozo (1956-60)

UNAM Central Library, Juan O’Gorman (1950-56)

Church of the Holy Sacrifice, Leandro Locsin (1955)

Church of the Light, Tadao Ando (1989-90)

Pruitt-Igoe, Minoru Yamasaki (1951-55)

TWA Terminal, Eero Saarinen (1955-62)

Fun Palace, Cedric Pricce and Joan Littlewood (1961-74)

Guild House, Robert Venturi (1960-66)

Piazza d’Italia, Charles Moore and Perez Architects (1974-78)

AT&T Building, Philip Johnson and John Burgee (1980-84)

House VI, Peter Eisenman (1972-75)

Vitra Fire Station, Zaha Hadid (1933)

Jewish Museum, Daniel Libeskind (1989-2001)

Guggenheim Bilbao, Frank Gehry (1991-97)

Uncensored Library, BockWorks and Reporters w/o Borders (2020)

Modernism

A 20th Century design

movement which sought to break away

from tradition in favor of geometric

forms, minimal decoration, and an

emphasis on technically ‘rational’

planning.

Raumplan

The concept of

spatial arrangement conceived

and promoted by Adolf Loos,

which favors a gradual,

vertical distribution of spaces

with differing ceiling heights

based on their importance and

function. Translated as

“spatial plan.”

Five points of Architecture

1. A grid of pilotis

2. Free plan

3. Free façades

4. Ribbon windows

5. Roof garden

Piloti

A slender column or

stilt that lifts the volume of a

building off the ground,

allowing for free passage

underneath.

Organic Architecture

Frank Lloyd

Wright’s concept of a modern

architecture which took inspiration

from, and worked in harmony with, the

site and surrounding natural

environment, as well as the human

occupants. Preferred simplicity and

honest use of natural materials.

Bauhaus

A massively

influential school of arts,

architecture, and industrial

design that helped to

define Modernism.

Operated in Germany

between 1919 and 1933.

International Style

The name

coined by the 1932 MoMA

Modern Architecture

International Exhibition for the

specific type of unornamented,

machine-aesthetic Modernist

architecture typified by Le

Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe,

Walter Gropius, and JJP Oud.

De Stijl

A Dutch artistic and

utopian movement which

sought a universal, modern

visual language in abstract

geometry rendered with strong

lines and bold primary colors.

Expressionism

A design

movement which rejected both

rigid historicism and functionalism

in favor of a more individualistic,

emotional, and artistic approach to

architecture.

Constructivism

A Soviet design

movement which sought to create an

architectural style unique to

communism. Employed an industrial

aesthetic and direct political symbolism

to celebrate modernized proletarian

labor and mass production.

Art Deco

A visual design style

which portrayed modernity

through sleek, geometric, graphic

forms, luxury materials, and

stylized references to technology,

motion, and nonwestern styles.

Facism

A form of authoritarian,

ultra-conservative government which

typically relies on the definition of

Sboth an in-group (usually along ethnic

lines) and the systematic oppression or

extermination of those outside this

category.

Socialist Classicism

An

architectural movement

promoted by Joseph Stalin

which employed lavish and

eclectic historic revivals, along

with some Art Deco influences,

in order to showcase the power

and prosperity of the Soviet

Union under his regime

Modulor

A system of proportions

and measurements devised by Le

Corbusier based on the body parts of

a man who is 6 feet (1.83 meters) tall.

Became a key design consideration in

his projects after the Second World

War.

Brutalism

A postwar Modernist

style which emphasizes its structure

through visible structural elements

and exposed, often monochrome

building materials. Derived from the

French term for unfinished concrete,

béton brut.

Megastructure

A single building or

small group of buildings meant to act

as a complete and comprehensive urban

environment. Very common in public

housing designs from the 1950s and

1960s.

Urban Renewal

The destruction of

neighborhoods deemed to be ‘blighted,’

rundown, or unsanitary, in order to

replace them with newer, usually more

open and modernist planning. In the

US, was regularly used to clear out

working class neighborhoods of

minorities and/or immigrants.

Case Study House Program

A

project commissioned by Arts &

Architecture magazine to design and

construct model houses for postwar

America. Led to the creation of 36

concepts employing modern

construction methods and materials

to make affordable, mass-

producible houses.

Interstate Highway Act

An American

federal legislation which led to the

construction of a nationwide system of

freeways between major cities, both to

facilitate civilian traffic and as a military

infrastructure in case of an attack on

the United States. Fully named the

National Interstate and Defense

Highways Act of 1956.

Redlining

The discriminatory use of

legal and financial systems to withhold

home loans and other services from

neighborhoods which, on the basis of

significant minority populations, are

declared to be unsafe investments. In

the United States, was used to prevent

suburban homeownership by ethnic

minorities, especially Black families.

Brise-soleil

An architectural feature, usually

made up of louvers, which shields windows

on the outer façade from direct sunlight.

Particularly common for Modernist

structures, especially in hot climates.

Hyperboloid Structure

A

structural form based on the curves

of a mathematical hyperbola.

Commonly used for strong and

stable towers, but can also be

employed to produce curved

surfaces with entirely straight

framing pieces.

Modern Regionalism

A postwar design

movement, named and championed by

Minnette de Silva, which sought to adapt

International Style Modernist concepts to

the specific material, cultural, and

economic context of nonwestern societies.

Could feature culturally relevant ornament,

traditional crafting methods, and local

materials.

Metabolism

A design movement of the

1960s and 70s which employed biological

logic and metaphors in the design of

architectural and urban space. Most

commonly worked on the scale of the

megastructure, and frequently employed

aspects of prefabrication and modular

design.

Critical Regionalism

A term

coined by Kenneth Frampton for

an alternative to the placeless

universality of the International

Style – not in a return to traditional

architectural or decorative styles,

but in the respect for, and use of,

techniques and materials which suit

the place where something is built

Populuxe

A style of pop art and

consumer goods which was popular

in the United States 1950s and 60s.

Aestheticized the technological

progress of the era, often featuring

dynamic curves or angles, fins, and

modern materials like chrome or

plastic. Derived from the words

‘popular’ and ‘luxury.’

Googie

A postwar, primarily commercial

architectural style which embodied many

aspects of Populuxe, celebrating the Space Age

through futuristic, nontraditional forms like

boomerangs, paraboloids, hyperboloids, and

upswept rooflines.

Archigram

A British architectural

magazine published through the 1960s and

70s which featured conceptual designs for

futuristic buildings and cityscapes, often

presenting these designs through images

created along the lines of pop art. Short for

“Architectural Telegram.”

The Death and Life of Great

American Cities

Jane Jacobs’ 1961

book on urban planning, which criticizes

the Modernist obsession with highways,

urban renewal, and single-use zoning.

The text instead advocates for mixed-

use development, sidewalk culture, and

the preservation of existing

neighborhoods.

Duck and Decorated Shed

An analogy

conceived by Robert Venturi and Denise

Scott Brown to explain the differing ways

in which buildings express their functions

to passersby. A “duck” uses its own form

to communicate its purpose, while a

“decorated shed” features communicative

ornament that is separated from the

structural form of the building itself.

Postmodernism

An umbrella term

for various reactions against

Modernism in architecture roughly

from the 1970s through the 1990s.

Common features of postmodern

architecture include fragmented or

irregular forms, multicolored surfaces,

historic references, and a tendency

toward ironic or even campy humor.

Paper Architect

A designer whose work is

primarily or exclusively intended to only be

represented in images, often because its

forms or required technologies are

impractical or outright impossible to build

physically. These works may be intended

simply as artistic/social statements or as an

exploration of new design concepts.

Deconstructivism

An architectural

style which rejects ideas like purity of

geometric forms, a sense of

completion or spatial order, and

functionalism; may include

intersecting and irregular masses,

distortion of conventional building

elements, or deliberate asymmetry

and discontinuity of its parts

CAD

Short for ‘computer-aided

design’: the use of digital software to

draw, model, refine, and render

architectural projects. Allowed for

substantial innovation in both the

geometric forms that could be built

as well as the capacity to predict the

functionality of a structure.

Starchitect

A portmanteau of ‘star’

and ‘architect’: an architect whose

work is so globally known that they

become a sort of celebrity, and

possession of one of their buildings

becomes a point of pride or publicity

for a city.

Parametric Design

A mode of

design which focuses and the

creation and application of

algorithms that produce architectural

forms, rather than the placement of

conventional forms and elements at

the whim of the designer. Tends to

produce fluid, geometrically irregular

forms.

New Urbanism

An urban

planning and real estate

development movement which

focuses on creating walkable

communities, often with a

mixture of mixed-use zones as

well as single family housing,

from scratch. Tends to both

reference and mimic the design

of traditional neighborhoods