space

What can Artificial Satellites be used for?

•navigation •monitoring the weather • mapping + pictures of the Earth • communication • space exploration

Eclipse

An astronomical event that occurs when one celestial object (Earth or moon) moves into the shadow of another.

Lunar eclipse

• the full moon is in the shadow of the Earth • it darkens and turns red - view from the Earth • the moon passes through the penumbra • penumbra - where the suns light is partially obscured • as it continues it goes into the umbra • umbra - where it is fully obscured • when the suns light travels it passes through a long and thick layer of earths atmosphere the colour wavelengths scatter as it gets closer to the moon leaving the longer wavelengths on the moon -> red • it doesn’t happen every month because the Earth is not always directly between the sun and the moon

Solar eclipse

The suns light is blocked by the moon, the moons shadow is on Earth, and the sun, moon and earth are in line. • only occurs during new moon the moon passes between the Sun and Earth •

partially solar eclipse

the moon blocks part of the sun

total solar eclipse

the moon blocks all of the sun • the moon casts a shadow on part of the Earth •

path of totality

the trail the shadow leaves as it rotates • all you can see is the light from the corona - the sun’s atmosphere

Comets

• Kuiper Belt is one source • made up of ice, dust, and rocky material • the suns heat causes the icy part of the comet to vaporise • can be found from the Oort Cloud • glowing comas and tails

Asteroids

• remnants left over from the formation of the solar system

• mainly found in the asteroid belt

• asteroids formed at the same time as other objects in the solar systems

• jagged irregular shape • nickel and iron + rock

• can be found in the orbital path of planets • hunks of rock

What is day and night caused by?

The Earths rotation on its axis.

How often does the Earth rotate on its axis?

Every 24 hours

Summer

The warmest season, when the sun is highest in the sky and there are more hours of daylight.

Winter

The coldest season, when the sun is lowest in the sky and there are fewer hours of daylight.

Hemisphere

Half a sphere

how long does it take for the Earth to orbit the sun?

It takes the Earth 365 days to orbit the Sun

how long does it take for the Moon to orbit the Earth?

It takes the Moon 27-31 days to orbit the Earth.

What are the phases of the moon?

New moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, waning crescent

nebula - first stage in the life cycle of a star

a star forms massive clouds of dust and gas in space

protostar - second stage in the life cycle of a star

a star is formed when it gets hot enough for the hydrogen nuclei to fuse together to make helium

main sequence star - third stage in the life cycle of a star

where it begins to fuse hydrogen into helium

life cycle of a small star after main sequence star

red giant - cool to white dwarf → fade to black dwarf

life cycle of a large star after main sequence star

red super giant → star explodes to make a supernova → evolves to either a neutron or black hole