space
What can Artificial Satellites be used for?
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navigation
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monitoring the weather
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mapping + pictures of the Earth
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communication
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space exploration
Eclipse
An astronomical event that occurs when one celestial object (Earth or moon) moves into the shadow of another.
Lunar eclipse
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the full moon is in the shadow of the Earth
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it darkens and turns red - view from the Earth
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the moon passes through the penumbra
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penumbra - where the suns light is partially obscured
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as it continues it goes into the umbra
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umbra - where it is fully obscured
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when the suns light travels it passes through a long and thick layer of earths atmosphere the colour wavelengths scatter as it gets closer to the moon leaving the longer wavelengths on the moon -> red
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it doesn’t happen every month because the Earth is not always directly between the sun and the moon l
Solar eclipse
The suns light is blocked by the moon, the moons shadow is on Earth, and the sun, moon and earth are in line.
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only occurs during new moon
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the moon passes between the Sun and Earth
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partially solar eclipse - the moon inky blocks part of the sun
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total solar eclipse - the moon blocks all of the sun
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the moon casts a shadow on part of the Earth
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path of totality - the trail the shadow leaves as it rotates
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all you can see is the light from the corona - the sun’s atmosphere
Comets
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Kuiper Belt is one source
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made up of ice, dust, and rocky material
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the suns heat causes the icy part of the comet to vaporise
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can be found from the Oort Cloud
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glowing comas and tails
Asteroids
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remnants left over from the formation of the solar system
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mainly found in the asteroid belt
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asteroids formed at the same time as other objects in the solar systems
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jagged irregular shape
• nickel and iron + rock
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can be found in the orbital path of planets
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hunks of rock
What is day and night caused by?
The Earths rotation on its axis.
How often does the Earth rotate on its axis?
Every 24 hours
Summer
The warmest season, when the sun is highest in the sky and there are more hours of daylight.
Winter
The coldest season, when the sun is lowest in the sky and there are fewer hours of daylight.
Hemisphere
Half a sphere
It takes the Earth 365 days to orbit the Sun
It takes the Moon 27-31 days to orbit the Earth.
What are the phases of the moon?
New moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, waning crescent
What is the formation and life cycle of a star?
Nebula (a star forms massive clouds of dust and gas in space) —> Protostar ( a star is formed when it get hot enough for the hydrogen nuclei to fuse together to make helium) —> Main Sequence Star (where it begins to fuse hydrogen into helium.) SMALL STARS —> Red giant —> they cool to be White Dwarf —> then it fades to a Black Dwarf. LARGE STARS —> Red Super Giant —> the star explodes causing a Supernova —> then it evolves into either a neutron or a black hole.