AP Physics 2 - Heat

calorie

amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius

heat

the movement of thermal energy from a substance at a higher temperature to one at a lower temperature

internal energy(thermal energy)

the sum of all the energy of all the molecules in an object

internal energy formula

U=3/2nRT

specific heat

The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 gram of a substance to change its temperature by 1°C; water has high specific heat capacity

specific heat formula

Q=mc△t

unit of specific heat

J/kg celsius

system

closed no mass enter or change but energy may be exchanged with the environment/open mass may enter and change

latent heat

a certain amount of energy is involved in this change of phase

heat of fusion

the heat required to change 1kg of a substance from the solid to the liquid state

heat of vaporization

the heat required to change 1kg of a substance from the liquid to the vapor state

latent heat formula

Q=mL

conduction

the transfer of heat within a material or between materials that are touching until equal in temperature.
visualized as being carried out via molecular collision

convection

the transfer of heat through mass movement of molecular/a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion

radiation

the direct transfer of energy through space by electromagnetic waves