anaphy digestive (2)

Tongue

manipulates food for chewing and swallowing.

Salivary Glands

produces saliva

Pharynx

Passageway of the food from the mouth to the esophagus.

Pharynx

Involved in both digestion and respiration.

Esophagus

Extends between the pharynx and the stomach. 25 cm long

Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES)

opening of the esophagus from the pharynx.

Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)

opening of the esophagus to the stomach.

Gastroesophageal Opening (Cardiac Opening)

opening from the esophagus into the stomach.

Lower Esophageal Sphincter (Cardiac Sphincter)

surrounds the cardiac opening.

Fundus

on the left part of the stomach; superior to the cardiac opening.

Body

largest part of the stomach, which turns to the right, creating a greater curvature and lesser curvature.

Pylorus

funnel-shaped part of the stomach.

Pyloric Antrum

wider part toward the body of the stomach.

Pyloric Canal

arrow part of the funnel.

Pyloric Orifice

opening of the pyloric canal to the small intestine.

Pyloric Sphincter

surrounds the pyloric orifice and helps regulate the movement of gastric contents into the small intestine.

Mucus

alkaline secretions that lubricates and protects the stomach wall.

Intrinsic Factor

secreted by the parietal cells; a glycoprotein that binds with vitamin B12, making the vitamin more readily absorbed in the ileum.

Hydrochloric Acid

produces the low pH of the stomach's contents; its main functions is to kill ingested bacteria.

Gastrin

hormone that sends signal to stimulate the release of gastric acid, which aids in the digestion of food.

Histamine

chemical that sends message to the brain to release stomach acid for digestion.

Pepsinogen

when activated, it becomes pepsin, a chemical that helps break down proteins during digestion.

Valsalva Maneuver

the increase of intra-abdominal pressure by contracting the diaphragm and abdominal wall muscles, and closing your glottis.

Defecation Reflex

contracts the sigmoid colon and rectum, relaxes the internal anal sphincter, and initially contracts the external anal sphincter.

Cecum

receives the contents of the ileum; continues the absorption of water and salts.

Appendix

is a winding tube that attaches to the cecum; generally considered as vestigial.

Liver

Largest gland in the body, weighing about three pounds in an adult

Hepatic Artery

delivers oxygenated blood from the heart to the liver.

Bile

is a mixture secreted by the liver to accomplish the emulsification of lipids in the small intestine.

Bilirubin

the main bile pigment, is a waste product produced when the spleen removes old or damaged red blood cells from the circulation.

Gallbladder

Stores, concentrates, and, when stimulated, propels the bile into the duodenum via the common bile duct.

Pancreas

Located behind the stomach

Pancreas

Has both endocrine and exocrine glands

Merocrine

sweating hands

Apocrine

part of cell

Holocrine

sebaceous glands and whole cell