biotechnology

uses of recombinant DNA

making dna in lab by joining specific pieces, produces drugs/vaccines in vitro

artificial insemination

semen collected from males and placed in females

estrous cycle synchronization

use of P4-like chemicals to block LH and FSH, inject prostaglandin during luteal

superovulation

artifically induced ovulation of more oocytes than normal

embryo transfer

1: oocytes collected from ovaries collected after slaughter or superovulation

2: dam is bred using AI, fertilized embryos are flushed from uterus

cloning

asexual reproduction of genetically identical individual, done by embryo splitting

somatic cell nuclear transfer

fusion of donor cell to unfertilized egg or early embryo with nucleus removed to produce clone, low efficiency

intentional genomic alteration

resuls in transgenic/genetically engineered animal with new gene/DNA introduced into genome

genetic engineering

piece of DNA added to genome, can be random or specific site

gene editing

cut made at desired site in genome

pronuclear microinjection

surviving embryos get transferred to female, DNA inserts randomly into genome, only adds genes, low efficiency

DNA binding proteins

enable cuts at specific sites in genome,

CRISPR/Cas9

complex of nuclease and RNA, cuts out specific sites of DNA

gene editing in production agriculture

progress in environmental impact, animal welfare, disease resistance

lysozyme transgenic goats

lysozyme: found in tears, saliva, milk, anti-microbial; improves udder health, mimics effects of human milk for healthier gut