Unit 2

A lubricating fluid found inside joints that reduces friction between bones and helps joints move smoothly

Synovial fluid

A thin lubricating fluid found between the lungs and the chest wall that helps the lungs move smoothly during breathing

Pleural fluid

Рассеивать

Dissipate

What is a mixture?

It’s a combination of two or more substances that are physically combined but not chemically bonded

Однородный

Homogeneous

Substance that dissolves another substance

Solvent (растворитель - вода)

Substance being dissolved

Solute (растворенное вещество - сахар)

Homogeneous mixture in which a solute is dissolved in a solvent

Solution

How is it called when two molecules join together and release water?

Dehydration synthesis

How is it called when water breaks a bond in a molecule, splitting it into smaller parts

Hydrolysis

Fluid located inside cells

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

Fluid located outside cells

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

What are the two main components of extracellular fluid?

Plasma and interstitial fluid

About what percentage of body water is intracellular fluid?

About 55%

Fluid portion inside a cell

Cytosol

The content of a cell between the membrane and nucleus, including cytosol and organelles

Cytoplasm

How is the cell membrane that helps regulate the passage of materials between the interstitial fluid and the interior of the cell called

Selectively permeable

Спинномозговая жидкость

Cerebrospinal fluid

Перикардиальная жидкость

Pericardial fluid

Сердечная сумка

Cardiac sac

Брюшная полость

Peritoneal cavity

Which ions are highest in intracellular fluid?

Potassium (K)

Phosphate

Which ions are highest in extracellular fluid?

Sodium (Na+)

Chloride (Cl-)

6 most important electrolytes

Sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, phosphate

What is an acid

A substance that releases H ions (H+) in solution

What is base

A substance that releases OH- or accepts H+ in solution

What does pH measure?

The concentration of H ions in a solution (potential of hydrogen)

What is the normal pH range of human body?7.35-7.45

What is a buffer?

A substance that resists sudden changes in pH

The buffer systems functioning in blood plasma include…

Plasma proteins, phosphate and bicarbonate and carbonate acid buffers

What is the main buffer system in blood?

The bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system