HEIMLER 8.3-8.4

What military alliances were formed as a result of the Cold War?

NATO & Communist Bloc (Warsaw Pact)

What nations were NATO members?

U.S., Great Britain, France, Canada, Belgium, Norway, Luxembourg, Denmark, Portugal, Iceland, Italy & Netherlands

What nations were Warsaw Pact members?

U.S.S.R, Czechoslovakia, E. Germany, Romania, Hungary, Poland, Albania, & Bulgaria

What are proxy wars?

Small wars where U.S. & U.S.S.R support different sides

What was the significance of the Korean War?

Korea was divided after WWII; North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950, leading to U.N. aid for the South and a stalemate in 1953.

What was the Angolan Civil War?

Started in 1975; U.S. & U.S.S.R backed different groups during the civil war in the former Portuguese colony.

What was the Contra War?

U.S. backed the Contras to overthrow the socialist Sandinista government in Nicaragua after they seized power in 1979.

What was nuclear proliferation?

The buildup of nuclear weapons.

What happened during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

In 1962, Soviets shipped missiles to Cuba, leading to 13 days of tension and a U.S. blockade.

What was the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty?

A 1968 treaty calling on nuclear powers to prevent non-nuclear powers from developing nuclear weapons.

What groups fought for power in China?

Communists vs. Nationalists; Communists ultimately won.

Who was Mao Zedong?

Key communist leader who nationalized industry and redistributed land, shaping China until his death in 1976.

What was the Great Leap Forward?

China's plan to collectivize agriculture and build up industry.

What are re-education camps?

Camps that force individuals to believe communism is the best.

What were the results of the Great Leap Forward?

Disaster with crop failures leading to 20 million deaths.

Who was Mohammad Reza Pahlavi?

Shah of Iran, put in power by Britain & Russia, known for harsh leadership but good policies like women's suffrage.

What was the White Revolution?

A 'bloodless' revolution in Iran where the government bought land from wealthy landowners and resold it at lower prices.

How did land reform fare in North Vietnam?

Communists seized land and redistributed it to the poor.

Describe land reform in Kerala (India).

In 1963, tenants gained rights to purchase land; full ownership laws were passed in 1969.

How did land reform fare in Ethiopia?

In 1974, a socialist government was established, leading to land redistribution that caused famine and failed economic policies.

What does every kid need to hear according to Heimler?

Communism has failed every time it was tried.