1610 Geology Lab Shoreline and Ocean Floor chapter 10

Shoreline

Earth's surface shaped by wave energy

Tsunamis

Seismic waves created by earthquake or underwater landslides

Wave Refraction

Bending of wave fronts as they approach a shoreline

Headlands

Protruding areas of am irregular shoreline

Bays

Eroded sand will end up here

Sea arch

Tunnel created by wave action

Sea Stack

Collapsed arch forms offshore

Surf zone

Long shore current, region of crashing waves

Swash zone

Waves at an angle, but drain back down the beach. Zig zag pattern

Spits

Thin ridges of sand that project from a headland into the mouth of an adjacent bay

Longshore drift

Parallel movement of sand on shore lone

Barrier Islands

A severed spit. Offshore and parallel to the shoreline

Groins, jetties, breakwater, and seawalls

Stabilize shoreline. Large boulders, above sealevel. Shoreline increases

Jetties

Also connect beaches to rivers to create an easier way for ships to move

Echo Sounders

Device that transmitte sound waves. Map floor and detect submarine. Measures amount of time it takes to travel

3 major topographic units

Continental margin, ocean basin floors, mid-ocean ridges

Continental Margins

Shelf, slope, and rise

Shelves

Flooded extensions of the continents

Slope

Steep, approximately represent boundary between oceanic and Continental boundaries

Ride

Gradual descent to the deep basin

abyssal plain

ocean basin floors which consist of flat plains

Guyots

Seamounts with flat tops, formed by waves eroding a volcano that once rose above sea level

Rift Valleys

Wide central depression, a site of active volcanism

Spreading Center

Also known as mid-ocean ridges