tpj4m - infectious diseases

what best defines an infectious disease

an illness caused by pathogens that invade the body

which type of pathogen requires a host cell in order to reproduce

viruses

athlete’s foot is an example of a

fungal infection

does bacteria reproduces independently or dependently?

independently

malaria is an example of a disease caused by which type of pathogen

parasite

indirect contact involves

contaminated surfaces or objects

mosquito bites is an example of

vector-borne transmission

which component of the chain of infection refers to how a pathogen leaves the host

portal of exit

what prevention strategy directly trains the immune system to recognize pathogens

vaccinations

antibiotics are effective against which type of infection

bacterial infections only

what is antibiotic resistance

when bacteria evolve to resist antibiotics

disease surveillance & outbreak investigation is

a key role of public health in controlling infectious diseases

what does HIV stand for

human immunodeficiency virus

what does AIDS stand for

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

what best describes AIDS

the most advanced stage of HIV infection

which type of immune cell does HIV primarily attack

CD4 T lymphocytes

what’s a body fluid that can transmit HIV

blood

transmission of HIV from a birthing parent to a baby can occur during

pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding

what is antiretroviral therapy (ART)

a treatment using a combination of HIV medicines

what is one main goal of ART

to reduce viral load to undetectable levels

what is an action that helps reduce the risk of acquiring HIV

using condoms correctly every time

what is PrEP

a prevention option for people at risk of HIV

what is an opportunistic infection

an infection that occurs more often in weakened immune systems

direct transmission

mononucleosis can be transmitted by kissing

types of vaccines

• live-attenuated vaccines

• non-live vaccines

live-attenuated vaccines

• use a weakened (or attenuated) form of the germ that causes a disease

• tend to be long lasting, sometimes lifetime

non-live vaccines

• use inactivated pathogens or pieces of them

• typically require multiple doses or boosters to maintain immunity