Human Geography Unit 3 - Culture and Diffusion

Flashcards covering Human Geography Unit 3 concepts including cultural terminology, types of diffusion, language development (Pidgin vs. Creole), and the historical/contemporary factors influencing global culture.

How are homogenous and heterogenous groups defined in the context of Human Geography?

Homogenous refers to all the same parts in a group of things, while heterogenous means the content is diverse.

What is the difference between Folk/Ethnic culture and Pop culture?

Folk/Ethnic culture consists of shared customs and beliefs like religion, whereas Pop culture represents society's beliefs as a whole.

What is syncretism?

A bunch of different religions in one space.

What is the difference between cultural divergence and cultural convergence?

Cultural divergence is when two cultures become increasingly different over time, while cultural convergence is when they become more like each other.

How does the transcript define Ethnocentrism vs. Cultural Relativism?

Ethnocentrism is evaluating a person's culture based on one's own culture, while cultural relativism is the principle of understanding beliefs based on that person's own culture rather than judging them against another's criteria.

According to the analysis of 'Image One and Two', what are the primary centripetal forces holding the town together?

The religion of the city, which is some denomination of Christianity.

What is a 'hearth' and how does it relate to diffusion?

A hearth is the source of an idea or innovation, and diffusion is the spread of those ideas, innovations, or goods.

Where is the modern birthplace of pizza located?

Naples, in southwestern Italy's Campania region.

According to the notes, where did the following pizza components originate: Tomato, Flatbread, and Pepperoni?

Tomatoes originated from the Andean region of South America (Peru, Ecuador, Chile, and Bolivia), Flatbread from the Mediterranean region, and Pepperoni was invented by Italians in the United States.

What is the process of Creolization?

The process where two or more separate languages mix and develop a more formal structure and vocabulary so they are no longer a pidgin language.

What are two examples of Creolized languages mentioned in the transcript?

1. Afrikaans (Dutch plus European and African languages) and 2. Gullah or Geechee (formed among South Carolina and Georgia islands).

What is a Pidgin Language and how does it differ from a Creole?

A pidgin language is a simplified mixture of two languages with fewer grammar rules and smaller vocabulary; it is less complex than a creole language and is not the native language of either group.

How does a dialect differ from an accent?

Accents are variations in pronunciation, while dialects are regional variations involving more complex differences such as word usage, spelling, and grammar.

What is a Lingua Franca?

A language used by speakers with different native languages for the purpose of business or trade.

Which language is considered the most used lingua franca globally and what are the causes for its diffusion?

English; it diffused through colonization, imperialism, globalization of international companies, TV/movies, technology, and military bases.

What historical event in $1914$ involved Europeans conquering and exploiting foreign nations for control and power?

Colonialism.

What is space-time compression?

The process where technologies like the internet, social media, and movies make the world feel smaller or 'compressed' by facilitating faster interaction and movement.

How do Universalizing Religions differ from Ethnic Religions?

Universalizing religions (e.g., Christianity) try to convert everyone and spread as much as possible, while Ethnic religions (e.g., Hinduism) are usually shared within their own culture and passed down internally.

What are sociofacts and mentifacts?

Sociofacts are structures like governments or families that influence social behavior, while mentifacts are enduring elements like shared values and beliefs that reflect a culture’s central ideas.

Why are the Dutch noted for being better at speaking English than other non-English speakers?

Because they do not dub any English in their TV shows.