APUSH 11-12 Simple IDs

Simple IDs + Matching

Whiskey Excise Tax

Hamiltonian economic measure repealed by Jefferson and Gallatin

Revolution of 1800

Term applied by historians to suggest the dramatic, unprecedented change that took place when the Republican Thomas Jefferson defeated the incumbent Federalist John Adams for the presidency

Midnight Judges

Derogatory Republican term for Federalist judges appointed during the last hours of his term by President Adams

Marbury v. Madison

Precedent-setting Supreme Court case in which Marshall declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional

Judicial Review

The principle, established by Chief Justice Marshall in a famous case, that the Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional

Impeachment

Action voted by the House of Representatives against Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase

Navy

Branch of military service that Jefferson considered least threatening to liberty and most necessary to suppressing the Barbary States

Haiti

Sugar-rich island where Toussaint L’Ouverture’s slave rebellion disrupted Napoleon’s dreams of a vast New World empire

Oregon Country

Territory beyond the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase, along the Columbia River, explored by Lewis and Clark

$15 Million

Price paid by the United States for the Louisiana Purchase

USS Chesapeake

American ship fired on by British in 1807, nearly leading to war between the two countries

Embargo Act of 1807

Jefferson’s policy of forbidding the shipment of any goods in or out of the United States

War Hawks

Militantly nationalistic western congressmen eager for hostilities with the Indians, Canadians, and British

Battle of Tippecanoe

Battle in 1811, where General William Henry Harrison defeated the Indian forces led by Tenskwatawa (the Prophet), brother of the charismatic Shawnee chief Tecumseh

Mr. Madison’s War

Derisive Federalist name for the War of 1812 that blamed it on the Republican president

Thomas Jefferson

Strong believer in strict construction, weak government, and antimilitarism who was forced to modify some of his principles in office

Albert Gallatin

Swiss-born treasury secretary who disliked national debt but kept most Hamiltonian economic measures in effect

John Marshall

Federalist Supreme Court justice whose brilliant legal efforts established the principle of judicial review

Marbury v. Madison

Ruling based on a midnight judge case that established the right of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional

Samuel Chase

Federalist Supreme Court justice impeached by the House in 1804 but acquitted by the Senate

Sally Hemmings

One of Thomas Jefferson’s slaves at Monticello, whose affair with Jefferson has been confirmed by modern DNA evidence

Napoleon Bonaparte

French ruler who acquired Louisiana from Spain only to sell it to the United States

Robert Livingston

American minister to Paris who joined James Monroe in making a magnificent real estate deal

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Gifted black revolutionary whose successful slave revolution indirectly led to Napoleon’s sale of Louisiana

William Clark

Young army officer who joined Jefferson’s personal secretary in exploring the Louisiana Purchase and Oregon country

Aaron Burr

Former vice-president, killer of Alexander Hamilton, and plotter of mysterious secessionist schemes

Sacajawea

Shoshoni Indian who provided valuable guidance and assistance to Lewis and Clark as they crossed the Rocky Mountains.

James Wilkinson

Traitorous military governor of Louisiana who joined Aaron Burr’s conspiracy to break off parts of the southwest from the United States

Tecumseh

Shawnee leader who organized a major Indian confederation against U.S. expansion

William Henry Harrison

Military leader who defeated Tecumseh’s brother, “the Prophet,” at the Battle of Tippecanoe

Lake Erie

One of the Great Lakes where Oliver H. Perry captured a large British fleet

The Star-Spangled Banner

Stirring patriotic song written by Francis Scott Key while being held aboard a British ship in Baltimore harbor

Battle of New Orleans

Andrew Jackson’s stunning victory over invading British forces that occurred after the peace Treaty of Ghent had already been signed

Hartford Convention

Gathering of antiwar New England Federalists whose flirtation with secession stirred outrage and contributed to the death of the Federalist party

Rush-Bagot Agreement

Post-War of 1812 treaty between Britain and the United States that limited the naval arms race on the Great Lakes

North American Review

Highly intellectual magazine that reflected the post-1815 spirit of American nationalism

American System

Henry Clay’s ambitious nationalistic proposal for a federal banking system, higher tariffs, and internal improvements to help develop American manufacturing and trade

Era of Good Feelings

Somewhat inappropriate term applied to the two Monroe administrations, suggesting that this period lacked major conflicts

Federalist Party

Once-prominent political party that effectively died by 1820

Erie Canal

Major water transportation route financed and built by New York State after President Madison vetoed federal funding

36°30’

Line designated as the future boundary between free and slave territories under the Missouri Compromise

McCulloch v. Maryland

Supreme Court ruling that defended federal power by denying a state the right to tax a federal bank

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Supreme Court case in which Daniel Webster successfully argued that a state could not change the legal charter of a private college once granted

Oregon Country

Northwestern territory occupied jointly by Britain and the United States under the Anglo-American Convention of 1818

Monroe Doctrine

A presidential foreign-policy proclamation that grandly warned European nations against colonization or interference in the Americas, even though the United States could not really enforce such a decree

Stephen Decatur

American naval hero of the War of 1812 who said, “. . . our country, right or wrong!”

Treaty of Ghent

Agreement that simply stopped fighting and left most of the war issues unresolved

Rush-Bagot Agreement

1817 agreement that limited American and British naval forces on the Great Lakes

Hartford Convention

Gathering of antiwar delegates in New England that ended up being accused of treason

Henry Clay

Eloquent Kentucky spokesman for the American System and key architect of the Missouri Compromise in the U.S. Senate

James Monroe

President whose personal popularity contributed to the Era of Good Feelings

Washington Irving

One of the first nationalistic American writers to achieve literary recognition in Europe

Missouri Compromise

Admitted one slave and one free state to the Union, and fixed the boundary between slave and free territories

John Marshall

Aristocratic Federalist jurist whose rulings bolstered national power against the states

John Quincy Adams

Nationalistic secretary of state who promoted American interests against Spain and Britain

George Canning

British foreign secretary whose proposal for a joint British-American declaration led to the unilaterally declared Monroe Doctrine

Andrew Jackson

Military commander who exceeded his government’s instructions during an invasion of Spanish territory

Daniel Webster

The leading voice promoting nationalism and greater federal power in the United States Senate during the 1820s

Russo-American Treaty of 1824

Agreement between the United States and one of the European great powers that fixed the southern boundary of that nation’s colony of Alaska

Tsar Alexander I

Russian ruler whose mediation proposal led to negotiations ending the War of 1812