Genetics Bio Test

what is a phenotype

A set of observable traits or characteristics of an organism.

what is a genotype

An organisms genetic makeup- the specific gene or genes variants it carries.

what is an allele

A variant form of a gene that determines specific traits or characteristics in an organism.

what is a recessive allele

A version of a gene whose effect is hidden when a dominant allele is present

What is a dominant allele

A version of a gene that is expressed whenever it is present, even if there is only one copy.

What is a sex-linked trait?

A trait controlled by a gene located on a sex chromosome (usually the X chromosome)

What is a carrier?

A person who has one copy of a recessive allele for a trait or genetic disorder but does not show the trait or disorder themselves.

what is a test cross?

A genetic cross used to determine the genotype of an organism that shows a dominant trait.

what is an autosome?

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

What is autosomal dominant?

A trait or disorder caused by a dominant allele on an autosome, where only one copy of the allele is needed for the trait to appear.

what is autosomal recessive?

A trait or disorder caused by a recessive allele on an autosome, where a person must inherit two copies of the recessive allele to express the trait.

What is incomplete dominance?

One allele does not completely mask the recessive allele.

What is simple dominance?

The dominant allele completely masks the recessive allele.

What is codominance?

Both alleles express themselves completely (spotted dogs).

heterozygous meaning

An organism that has two different alleles for a gene.

homozygous meaning

an organism that has two of the same alleles for a gene.

What is Aa an example of?

heterozygous

what is AA an example of?

homozygous dominant

what is aa an example of?

homozygous recessive