Molecular Biology and Microbiology Concepts

Flashcards covering crucial concepts in PCR, microbial biology, laboratory practices, and antibiotic resistance.

PCR

Polymerase Chain Reaction, a technique to amplify a specific DNA sequence.

Denaturation

The first step in PCR where DNA strands separate due to heat.

Annealing

The second step in PCR where primers bind to the template DNA.

Extension

The third step in PCR where Taq polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands.

Taq polymerase

A heat-stable DNA polymerase enzyme obtained from Thermus aquaticus.

Primers

Short DNA sequences that initiate replication during PCR.

dNTPs

Deoxynucleotide triphosphates; the building blocks for DNA synthesis.

CRBuffer

A mixture including buffer, MgCl₂, dNTPs, primers, Taq polymerase, and template DNA.

ESKAPE pathogens

A group of antibiotic-resistant pathogens that pose significant treatment challenges.

Coliphage

A bacteriophage that specifically infects E. coli.

PFU

Plaque Forming Units; a measure of viable viral particles.

Lytic cycle

The phase of viral replication where the host cell is destroyed.

Aseptic techniques

Methods used to prevent contamination by pathogens.

Phenol red

An indicator used in microbial fermentation tests.

Mycology

The study of fungi.

Lichens

Symbiotic associations between algae and fungi.

Gel electrophoresis

A method used to separate DNA fragments based on size.

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)

A report published by the CDC to share public health information.

Antibiotics

Drugs that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.

Horizontal gene transfer

The transfer of genetic material between organisms in a manner other than traditional reproduction.

BLAST analysis

A tool used for comparing biological sequences.

E-value

A metric that describes the significance of a match in BLAST results.

Indole test

A biochemical test used to determine the ability of an organism to produce indole.

Sulfide test

A test that detects the production of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in a culture.