LBJ Notes

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Legislation that eliminated literacy tests and authorized federal supervision of elections in Southern districts.

Black Power

A movement that emphasized racial pride and self-determination for African Americans, seeking to recover cultural roots and identity.

Nation of Islam

A religious movement advocating complete separation from white society, with Malcolm X as a prominent figure.

Black Panthers

A political organization that called for black community empowerment, known for its militant stance.

De facto segregation

Racial separation that occurs without legal requirement, often seen in housing and employment.

The Great Society

A set of domestic programs launched by President Johnson aimed at eliminating poverty and racial injustice.

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

A congressional resolution passed in 1964 that gave President Johnson the authority to expand the Vietnam War.

Domino Theory

The geopolitical theory that if one country fell to communism, neighboring countries would follow.

Escalation

The increase of military forces and tactics in a conflict, notably used by Johnson in Vietnam.

Tet Offensive

A massive surprise attack by North Vietnamese forces in 1968 that challenged U.S. perceptions of the Vietnam War.

Hawks and Doves

Hawks support military intervention in Vietnam; Doves oppose it and advocate for peace.

Youth Counterculture

A cultural movement in the 1960s characterized by rebellion against traditional norms, often associated with the hippie movement.

Vatican II

The Second Vatican Council that initiated major changes in the Catholic Church's practices and ecumenism.

Marking the War Home

The juxtaposition of public opinion on the Vietnam War as it conflicted with domestic social movements.

Praxis

The process of putting theory into practice, significant in activist movements during the 1960s.

Civil Rights Act

Legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Soul Music

A genre that originated from African American cultural expression, emphasizing themes of black pride and social justice.

Elementary and Secondary School Act

A law providing federal funds to improve educational quality, especially in low-income areas.

Medicare and Medicaid

Healthcare programs established in the 1960s to provide medical assistance to the elderly and the poor.

Free Speech Movement

A student protest movement in the 1960s advocating for the right to free speech at U.S. colleges.

Civil Disobedience

The active refusal to obey certain laws as a form of protest against perceived injustice.

Gideon v. Wainwright

A Supreme Court case that established the right to legal counsel for defendants unable to afford an attorney.

Engle v. Vitale

A Supreme Court decision that ruled mandatory school prayer unconstitutional.

Griswold v. Connecticut

A Supreme Court case that struck down laws banning contraception, establishing a right to privacy.

Baker v. Carr

A Supreme Court case that established the principle of 'one person, one vote' in legislative apportionment.

Ecumenism

The movement promoting unity among different Christian denominations.

Chicano Movement

A civil rights movement in the 1960s advocating for the rights of Mexican Americans.

The Other America

A book by Michael Harrington highlighting poverty in the U.S. and the need for social reform.

Operation Rolling Thunder

An extensive bombing campaign during the Vietnam War aimed at damaging North Vietnam's war effort.

Los Angeles Riots

Civil disturbances often stemming from racial tensions, significant in discussions on civil rights and urban policy.

Black Lives Matter

A contemporary movement highlighting systemic racism against African Americans and advocating for justice.

Mood Altering Drugs

Substances that impact mental states, extensively used in youth counterculture during the 1960s.