AP GOV 4&5

The flashcards provide a quick and easy-to-understand review of key civil rights concepts and laws in U.S. history. They cover terms such as suffrage, civil rights, key constitutional amendments (Fourteenth, Thirteenth, Nineteenth), landmark legislation (Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965), and significant court cases like Korematsu v. United States. Additionally, they explain the Supreme Court's standards of review for Equal Protection cases, the evolution of affirmative action, Title IX's impact on gender equality, and how civil rights policies strengthen democracy. These cards are perfect for studying the essentials of civil rights, equality, and constitutional amendments, presented in a clear, digestible format for high school students or anyone interested in learning about these important topics.

Suffrage

The right to vote in political elections, essential for democratic engagement.

Nineteenth Amendment

Ratified in 1920, it granted women the right to vote.

Voting Rights Act

A 1965 law aimed at eliminating racial discrimination in voting.

Civil Rights

The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality, protecting against discrimination.

Civil Rights Movement

A pivotal movement in the 1950s and 1960s that advanced civil rights legislation.

Fourteenth Amendment

Ratified in 1868, it grants citizenship and guarantees equal protection under the law.

Thirteenth Amendment

Adopted in 1865, it abolished slavery and involuntary servitude.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Landmark legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Federal law prohibiting racial discrimination in voting practices.

Affirmative Action

Policies aimed at increasing opportunities for historically disadvantaged groups.

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

A proposed amendment to guarantee equal legal rights regardless of sex.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, initially applying only to the federal government.

Incorporation

The process of extending the Bill of Rights to the states.

Establishment Clause

Part of the First Amendment that prevents the government from endorsing an official religion.

Free Exercise Clause

Ensures individuals can practice their religion without government interference.

Prior Restraint

Government intervention that halts speech before it occurs.

Symbolic Speech

Non-verbal expression protected under the First Amendment.

Right to Peaceful Assembly

The right to gather peacefully, subject to safety regulations.

Second Amendment

Protects the right to own firearms, with varying state regulations.

Fourth Amendment

Guards against unreasonable searches and seizures.

Fifth Amendment

Shields against self-incrimination.

Sixth Amendment

Guarantees the right to a fair trial.

Eighth Amendment

Protects against cruel and unusual punishment.

Right to Privacy

An inferred right not explicitly stated in the Constitution, protecting personal privacy.

Roe v

Landmark case that legalized abortion based on privacy rights.