phonetics part 3

dialect

variation of speech or language based on geographic area, native language background, and social or racial ethnic group membership

idiolect

an individuals, unique speech pattern characteristic of one's personality

style shifting

the change in the way one speaks in different settings (eg formal to informal)

code switching

occurs when a person shifts speaking style from one dialect to another or from one language to another

formal standard English

usually refers to the written form of the language, it is the English dictionaries, grammar books, and most printed matter

Informal standard English

based on listener judgements of patterns spoken English deemed to be acceptable or not

Chain shift

occurs when the place of articulation of one vowel changes, causing the surrounding vowels in the quadrilateral to likewise shift in production

vowel merger

occurs when vowels with separate articulators fuse into one similar place of articulation

sociolect

a dialect associated with a particular social class

ethnolect

a dialect associated with a particular ethnic group

language transfer

the influence of one's native language (L1) on the learning of a new language (L2)

L2 speech learning research findings

native like production/perception of L2 sounds is not likely attained due to nature of speech input

Implications of clinicians

awareness of factors affecting L2 speech learning is important

• judgement of normal vs disordered phonological development

• speech performance related to dialectal variation and not a communication disorder