Child Maltreatment & the Systems of Response Study Guide

These flashcards cover key definitions, historical milestones, different types of child maltreatment, and the systems of response as discussed in the lecture notes.

What organization was established in 1875 in response to the Mary Ellen Wilson case?

New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NYSPCC)

What significant child welfare legislation was passed in 1974?

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA)

What key term defines any act or omission by a caregiver that results in harm to a child?

Child Maltreatment

How often is a report of child abuse made in the United States?

Every 10 seconds

What percentage of children are officially classified as victims of maltreatment before age 18?

12.5%

What is the general definition of child maltreatment according to the CDC?

Any act of commission or omission by a caregiver that results in harm to a child.

What constitutes acts of omission in child maltreatment?

Neglect, including failure in physical, emotional, medical, and educational needs.

Which type of child maltreatment is the most common?

Child Neglect

What are common risk factors for child neglect?

Substance abuse, domestic violence, lack of parenting skills, and economic hardship.

What does the term 'corporal punishment' refer to in the context of child maltreatment?

The intentional use of physical force that can result in physical injury.

How many children die daily from abuse in the United States?

More than 5 children.

What is the prevalence of physical abuse reported in the NIS-4 study?

323,000 children physically abused (harmed); 476,000 endangered (at risk of harm).

What defines child sexual abuse (CSA)?

Any act by an adult or older child to arouse sexual desires, including contact and non-contact activities.

What is the estimated prevalence of child sexual abuse among girls?

Approximately 1 in 4 girls.

What age group is most often reported as perpetrators of child abuse?

~82% are between the ages of 18-44.

What is psychological maltreatment also known as?

Emotional Abuse.

What are some effects of psychological maltreatment?

Mental health problems, cognitive deficits, and interpersonal issues.

What does 'grooming' refer to in the context of child sexual abuse?

A process where offenders manipulate children into compliance and secrecy.

In Georgia, what defines the jurisdiction of juvenile courts?

Individuals under 17 years old.

What significant reform occurred in Georgia juvenile courts in 2013?

Made it harder to commit kids to DJJ and changes in handling status offenses.

What does CPS stand for in child welfare?

Child Protective Services.

Who is the most likely perpetrator in cases of child neglect?

The mother, often aged 18-44.

What is the key quote about being traumatized according to Van Der Kolk?

"Being traumatized means continuing to organize your life as if the trauma were still going on."

What is the primary focus of trauma-informed care (TIC)?

Shifting the question from "What's wrong with you?" to "What happened to you?"

What does the acronym ACEs stand for?

Adverse Childhood Experiences.

What is the impact on the brain from trauma as suggested by Van Der Kolk?

The amygdala becomes hypersensitive and memory may be encoded as fragmented.

What are the three types of responses in a criminal process from investigation to trial?

Investigation, warrant application, and arrest.

What is meant by 'Preponderance of the Evidence' in civil cases?

It is the standard of proof that means more likely than not.

What major source of corroboration is critical in child abuse prosecution?

Medical/Scientific Evidence (e.g., DNA, injuries).

What does the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) aim to do?

Protect Native American children's right to be placed with Native families.

What is the key focus of Restorative Justice?

Rehabilitation and repairing harm.

What is the concern regarding racial disparities in juvenile courts?

Black youth are often overrepresented.

What percentage of children who die from abuse are under age 3?

70%.

What key laws prohibit discrimination based on race in adoptive placements?

Multi-Ethnic Placement Act (MEPA).

What crucial role do forensic interviews serve in child abuse cases?

Gathering evidence in a non-leading, objective manner.

What does 'Failure to Thrive' syndrome relate to?

Neglect impacting a child's growth and development.

What do the foundational principles of trauma-informed care include according to SAMHSA?

Safety, Trustworthiness, Peer Support, Collaboration.

What is one of the largest risk factors for neglect?

Poverty.

What is the function of the juvenile court system in cases of deprivation?

Legal findings regarding a child's lack of proper parental care.

What psychological effects can emerge from prolonged trauma according to the material?

PTSD, depression, and physical illness.

What key component indicates the severity of psychological maltreatment?

Dose-response relationship between frequency and severity.

Who experiences a higher rate of child sexual abuse, boys or girls?

Girls (1 in 4 compared to 1 in 6-7 boys).

What does the term 'situational (regressed)' refer to among offenders?

Offenders who take advantage of opportunities, often married.

What are the two types of courts mentioned in Georgia specifically for juvenile matters?

Juvenile Court and Superior Court.

What does the acronym TPO stand for in family violence cases?

Temporary Protective Order.

What is an essential question for culturally competent family services?

How to respect cultural differences while ensuring child safety.

What is the purpose of the Child Advocacy Center in relation to children?

To conduct forensic interviews in child abuse cases.

What is a major characteristic of childhood sexual abuse perpetrators?

90-95% are known to the victim.

What is the impact of poverty on child neglect definitions?

Poverty can complicate interpretations of neglect.