Intro to Public Health Final

What are the 3 core public health functions?

Assessment, Policy Development, Assurance

What is Assessment?

Collecting/analyzing data about population health

What is Policy Development?

Creating evidence-based policies and recommendations

What is Assurance?

Ensuring health services are available and effective

Which essential service involves monitoring health status?

Assessment

Which essential service involves investigating health problems and hazards?

Assessment

Which essential service includes educating the public?

Policy Development

Which essential service includes mobilizing partnerships?

Policy Development

Which essential service includes creating laws and policies?

Policy Development

Which essential service ensures access to healthcare services?

Assurance

Which essential service focuses on building a skilled workforce?

Assurance

Which level usually performs restaurant inspections?

Local health department

Which level licenses physicians?

State health department

Which level oversees national public health leadership?

Federal government

Which level runs public health laboratories?

State health department

Which level conducts communicable disease surveillance locally?

Local health department

What does the CDC mainly do?

Disease prevention, surveillance, outbreak investigation

What does the FDA regulate?

Food, drugs, vaccines, medical devices, tobacco

What is NIH responsible for?

Biomedical research

What does OSHA regulate?

Workplace safety

What does the EPA regulate?

Environmental hazards/pollution

What does USDA regulate?

Meat, poultry, eggs, food supply

What does CMS oversee?

Medicare and Medicaid

What does SAMHSA focus on?

Mental health and substance abuse

What population does IHS serve?

Native Americans

What are the 7 outbreak investigation steps?

Detect → Find → Generate → Test → Solve → Control → Decide

In outbreak investigation, what does 'Generate' mean?

Develop hypotheses about the source

In outbreak investigation, what does 'Control' mean?

Stop the spread of disease

One major limitation of the U.S. public health system?

Inadequate/reliable funding

Why is trust considered a public health issue?

Lack of trust weakens cooperation and effectiveness

What does the American Red Cross do?

Disaster relief and blood donations

What is Doctors Without Borders known for?

Humanitarian medical aid

What is CBPR?

Community-based participatory research involving the community in all research phases

What did the 1906 Federal Food and Drugs Act require?

Accurate labeling of ingredients

What did the 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act require?

Safety testing before marketing

Why were the Kefauver-Harris Amendments passed?

Thalidomide birth defects

What is FoodNet?

CDC/FDA/USDA foodborne disease surveillance network

What did the Food Safety Modernization Act improve?

Food tracking and outbreak response

Which groups are most vulnerable to foodborne illness?

Young, elderly, immunocompromised

What is SNAP?

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

What is WIC?

Nutrition support for low-income women, infants, and children

What does FAO do?

Oversees global food supply

What does WHO do in food safety?

Makes recommendations and policy guidance

What does CAC do?

Creates international food standards

What occurs during preclinical testing?

Animal testing for toxicity and safety

Main purpose of Phase 1 trials?

Safety and dosage

Main purpose of Phase 2 trials?

Preliminary efficacy/proof of concept

Main purpose of Phase 3 trials?

Large-scale efficacy testing

Main purpose of Phase 4 trials?

Postmarket safety surveillance

Which phase studies absorption, metabolism, and excretion?

Phase 1

Which phase is considered the gold standard for efficacy?

Phase 3

Why can't Phase 3 detect all safety problems?

Trials are too small, short, and simple

What is off-label prescribing?

Prescribing a drug for non-approved uses/doses

How are vaccines different from drugs in regulation?

Vaccines receive extra safety monitoring

Who recommends who should receive vaccines?

ACIP and CDC

What is unique about vaccine injury compensation?

No-fault compensation system

Who is responsible for supplement safety?

Manufacturer

Can supplements claim to cure diseases?

No

What are key characteristics of global health?

Equity, collaboration, prevention, international focus

What is colonialism in global health?

Outside control over another country/group

What is saviorism?

Outsiders 'saving' communities without equal partnership

Important global health competencies?

Cultural competency, communication, ethics, collaboration

What is the role of the UN in global health?

International coordination and development

What are the UN Sustainable Development Goals?

Global goals to improve health, reduce poverty, increase sustainability, and reduce inequality

Disease outbreak investigation?

CDC/local health department

Air pollution standards?

EPA

Workplace injuries?

OSHA

Meat and poultry regulation?

USDA

Drug approval?

FDA

Biomedical research funding?

NIH

Disaster response preparedness?

ASPR/Homeland Security

Medicare and Medicaid?

CMS

Assessment = ?

Data collection

Policy Development = ?

Create policies

Assurance = ?

Ensure services

Phase 1 = ?

Safety

Phase 2 = ?

Early efficacy

Phase 3 = ?

Large efficacy trials

Phase 4 = ?

Long-term safety monitoring