HW - Chapter 14: Henretta

Border Slave States

The states, such as Maryland, Kentucky, Delaware, and Missouri where Yeoman farmers hold the most political power

Virginia and Tennessee

The two southern states that did not secede, but instead wanted compromise

Crittenden Compromise

The compromise by Kentucky Senator Crittenden to prevent the Civil War:

1. Forming a constitutional amendment protecting existing slavery

2. 36'30' line moved to the California border

3. States/acquired territory south of 36'30 still have slavery

Imperialist Adventures

Why Lincoln had a fear of the Crittenden Compromise

Kentucky

The state that held union power because it had a 500mi-long border with the Ohio River Valley that could be used for moving troops and supplies

Maryland

The state that held union power because it bordered Washington DC on 3 sides

April 17, 1861

The day the secession convention was held

- Secession voted in favor by 88:55 votes

Lincoln Area Secession Strategy

The strategy that this president held to hold areas where relatively few slave-owning whites lived

1. General McClellan controlled Northwest Virginia to prevent Yeoman West Virginia (formed anyway in 1863)

2. Win Missouri by mobilizing German-American militia

3. Allowed Kentucky trading w/ Confederacy until August 1861

- Unionists took over Kentucky government

Sacred Self-Right of Self-Government

The right that defined why the Confederacy seceded from the Union

- X conquest, wanted to be left alone

Manassas/Bull Run (July 1861)

The title of this battle and month/year where Union General Irvin McDowell's force of 30,000 attacked Confederate General PGT Beauvregrad's force of 20,000 at Manassas

- Confederate V

- McDowell replaced by McClellan

McClellan's Strategy

This man's strategy when attacking the York/James River's peninsula

- Slowly advance to Richmond, giving South time to form a counterattack

- Union D B/C Lincoln withdrew and Richmond remained secure

Battle of Antietam

The battle that was a "Union victory"

- 87,000 Union soldiers vs. 50,000 Confederate soldiers

- McClellan's strategically cautious moves got him fired

Fort Donelson and Fort Henry

The two forts that were captured by Union General Ulysses S. Grant by using riverboats

Shiloh (April 17, 1862)

The name, day, month, and year of this battle that took place when Grant's army made its way down south to Mississippi, happening near a small log church

Total War

War using all of a society's resources to defeat their opponent

- Economic, political, cultural

Draft

The legally binding law requiring all men from 18-35 to serve 3 years in the military

Southern Draft Loopholes

The loopholes employed by this region to avoid the draft:

1. X planter, son, or overseer could be drafted per 20 slaves

2. Substitutes allowed

- $300 in gold per substitute

3. X serve B/C state sovereignty

ex. Georgia and North arolina

4. Habeas Corpus

Habeas Corpus

Writs protecting people from arbitrary arrest and ordered Confederate army to release reluctant draftees

- Confederate Congress overrode the states' Habeas Corpus powers

Northern Draft Loopholes

The loopholes employed by this region to avoid the draft:

1. Substitute

2. Pay $300 fee

Northern Confederate Sympathizers

The punishments in this region that would happen to Confederate sympathizers

1. Special taxes

2. X Habeas corpus right suspended by Lincoln

3. Temporary imprisonment for 15,000 people w/o trial

4. Military court could prosecute and held power over citizens who dodged/resisted the draft

Enrollment Act of 1863

The act solidifying conscription

NYC Draft Riots of 1863

The draft riots that took place in a certain city by German and Irish immigrants because it wasn't their war to fight and because of the fear of losing their jobs to blacks

Dorothea Dix

A woman who was a nurse superintendent and provided women with wartime roles, with Northern women becoming government clerks and Southern women becoming post office workers

Northern Resource Advantages

The advantages that this region held during the Civil War:

1. 2/3 of the nation's population

2. Produced 90% of industry outputs

3. Owned mass-production factories

- Used for weapons

Southern Resource Advantages

The advantages that this region held during the Civil War:

1. Could manufacture weapons

2. Home of armories

3. Unlimited army soldier supply because of 9m population

4. All blacks (1/3 of south population) produced army supplies and raw good exports

King Cotton

The South's diplomatic tool for British and French support because of their textile industries

- Failed B/C Britain found new cotton sources in Egypt and India

Republican Congress

The loosely based Republican policies on Clay's American system employing:

1. High tariffs

- 40% on imported goods

2. "Freeland" through the Homestead Act of 1862 to farmers

- 160 acres of public land

3. New National Banks

- Local banks w/ Federal charters

4. Yes Transcontinental Railroad

Contrabands

Runaway slaves B/C of wartime chaos

Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863)

The proclamation, alongside the month, date, and year that it was passed that:

1. Abolished slavery in all non-Union (Confederate) territories

- Could resist through secession but didn't

2. Slavery allowed in Union-controlle border states

ex. Missouri and Maryland

3. Slavery allowed in Union-army occupied areas

4. X freed slaves immediately

- Progress X freedom

July 3rd, 1863

The month, day, and year of the 3rd day of Gettysburg

- Lee's Strategy: A frontal assault on the Union's central line, and General Pickett with 14,000 trops would take Cemetery's Ridge in the open

CSA Alabama

The Confederate British-Built ironclad cruiser that sunk Union merchant ships

British Shipbuilding

This country stopped this act for the Confederates B/C of an eventual Union victory near and King Wheat was needed

- X grain harvests, and depended on wheat and flour imports from the Midwest

Petersburg (June 1864)

The city, month, and year that General Grant seiged this railroad center near Richmond

General Sherman

The general who led the destructive Sherman's March through the South (1863-1864) w/ 90,000 men

- D at Kennesaw Mountain, GA, but didn't give up

- C ATL

National Union Party

The "New Republican Party" with Lincoln and Andrew Jackson running

Democratic Party

The party that had McClellan as its presidential candidate B/C:

1. X emancipation

2. Resented Lincoln for suspending habeas corpus and having military courts control citizens

- If elected would recommend Congress an immediate armstice and hold a peace convention

Copperheads

The NUP's name for McClellan and peace democrats because of holding "treasonous plots" against the NUP

- Poisonous snake

War Democrats

Democrats who wanted to fight the Civil War until it ended

Peace Democrats

Democrats who wanted:

1. Ceasefire

2. Constitutional convention to create a peace settlement

Election of 1864

Lincoln V by 55% popular vote and won 212/233 electoral votes

- NUP took 145/185 HOR seats

- Senate majority increae from 42 -> 52 seats

General Sherman

The Union general who was sympathetic to the South, but thought of secession as anarchy against the Union

March to the Sea

The name for Sherman's March, a 300mi march in the South

Sherman's Special Field Order No. 15

The special field order given by this general to confiscate 400,000 acres of Confederate land along the SC, Georgia, and Florida coastlines and redistribute it to freed blacks