Drugs and disease Sec B

What networks could be disrupted due to depression? and what are these networks for?

Pre - frontal cortex = decison making and mood regulation

Amygdala = emotional processing + fear response

Hippocampus = memory + stress regulation

What is the monoamine theory of depression? (Joseph Schildkraut)

‘Depression is caused by a deficit of monoamine neurotransmitters in certain parts of the brain.’

Particularly serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline are in deficit.

Define asthma?

chronic inflammatory disease of the airways caused by reversible airflow obstruction.

What are the two asthma phases following allergen exposure? Outline what happens in phase 1

Phase 1: early phase

Allergy exposure = mast cell degradation, releases spasmogens.

Spasmogens act on b ronchial receptors = bronchospasm

Outline what happens in asthma phase 2

Phase 2: late phase

Mast cells release chemotaxins and chemokines, producing cytokines = promote further airway inflammation

Eosinophils release toxic peptides = epithelim damadge and desquamation.

Effect: increased sensitivity to stimuli (cold air, irritants)

Treatment: bronchodilators (both inhaled)

What are the differnt types of bronchodilators?

• Beta 2 agonist

• Glucocorticoid

define bronchospasm?

sudden tightening of muscle sthat line airways in lungs

Outline beta 2 agonist mechanism

B2 activation stimulates adenyl cyclase and then convets ATP to release cAMP

Increased cAMP = activated PKA

Phosphorolated PKA = bronchodilation (airways widen)

What is glucocorticoid

Glucocorticoid is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex

anti inflammatory drug

synthesised from cholesterol

What happens after glucocorticoid is bound to a receptor?

Either:

Transchronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by reversible airflow obstruction. It involves two distinct phases following allergen exposure = inhibits the activity of pro-inflammatory factors

Transactivation = enhances the activity of anti-inflammatory effcts