Al-Nahw fi al-Kalaam ka-al-Milh fi al-Ta'am

Fundamental vocabulary and definitions of Arabic grammar rules from the text 'Al-Nahw fi al-Kalaam ka-al-Milh fi al-Ta'am'.

Ilm al-Nahw

The science that teaches the method of joining a noun (Ism), verb (Fil), and particle (Harf) to form a sentence, and determines the state of the last letter of each word in terms of being Mu'rab or Mabni.

Maudu of Nahw

The subjects of this science are the Word (Kalimah) and Speech (Kalam).

Gharz-o-Ghayat of Nahw

The objective is to protect a person from making verbal errors when speaking or writing the Arabic language.

Lafz

Any sound or utterance that comes out of a human's mouth.

Mauzu

A word that possesses a specific meaning, such as the name 'Zaid'.

Muhmal

A word that does not have any meaning, such as 'Daiz' (the reverse of Zaid).

Mufrad (Kalimah)

A single word that denotes a single meaning.

Ism

A word that has an independent meaning without being joined to another word and does not have any of the three tenses (past, present, or future).

Fil

A word that has an independent meaning and includes one of its tenses ($Madi$, $Hal$, or $Mustaqbil$).

Harf

A word whose meaning cannot be understood without being joined to another word, such as 'Min' (from).

Murakkab

A word combination formed by two or more words.

Murakkab Mufeed

A combination of words such that when the speaker stops, the listener gains information or understands a request. It is also called Kalam or Jumlah.

Jumlah Khabariyyah

A sentence whose speaker can be described as being truthful or untruthful.

Jumlah Ismiyyah

A sentence whose first part is a noun (Ism). Its first part is called Mubtada (Musnad Ilaih) and the second part is called Khabar (Musnad).

Jumlah Filiyyah

A sentence whose first part is a verb (Fil). Its first part is called Fil (Musnad) and the second part is called Fail (Musnad Ilaih).

Musnad Ilaih

The noun towards which another noun or verb is attributed or predicated.

Musnad

The noun or verb that is attributed towards a noun.

Jumlah Inshaiyyah

A sentence whose speaker cannot be called truthful or untruthful, such as commands, prohibitions, or questions.

Amr

A type of Jumlah Inshaiyyah through which a request is made to perform a certain action.

Nahi

A type of Jumlah Inshaiyyah used to request that an action not be performed.

Istifham

A type of Jumlah Inshaiyyah used to seek the knowledge of something unknown.

Uqud

Sentences used to establish transactions or contracts, such as 'I sold' ($bi'tu$) or 'I bought' ($ishtaraitu$).

Murakkab Ghayr Mufeed

A combination of words that does not provide a complete item of news or a request when the speaker stops.

Murakkab Idafi

A combination where one noun is attributed (Idafat) to another. The first part is Muzaf and the second is Muzaf Ilaih.

Murakkab Binai

A non-attributive combination where two nouns are joined into one, with the second part originally containing a particle (like the numbers $11$ to $19$).

Murakkab Mana-e-Sarf

A combination where two nouns are joined into one without any attributive relationship or a hidden particle.

Murakkab Tauseefi

A combination of two nouns where the second describes the state of the first; the parts are called Mausuf and Sifat.

Musagh-ghar

A noun modified to the weights of $Fu'aylun$, $Fu'ay'ilun$, or $Fu'ay'eelun$ to indicate smallness, insignificance, or affection.

Mu'rab

A word whose ending changes according to the different agents (Amil) acting upon it.

Mabni

A word whose ending does not change regardless of the agents (Amil) acting upon it.

Amil

The factor that causes the ending status (Raf'a, Nasb, Jarr, or Jazm) of a Mu'rab word.

Ism al-Mutamakin

A noun that is combined with other words in the presence of an agent and does not resemble the basic indeclinable words (Mabni al-Asl).

Dhamir

A noun used to represent the speaker (Mutakallim), listener (Mukhatab), or a third person (Gha'ib).

Ism al-Ishara

A noun used to point towards a physical or sensory object.

Ism al-Mausool

An Ism Ghayr Mutamakin that does not become a complete part of a sentence without a following sentence called the Silah.

Silah

The Jumlah Khabariyyah or phrase following the Ism al-Mausool that completes its meaning.

Ism al-Fil

A noun that contains the meaning, time, and action of a verb but does not accept the physical signs of a verb.

Ism al-Sawt

A noun used to mimic the sound of an object or to call an animal.

Ism al-Zarf

A noun that denotes the time (Zaman) or place (Makan) of an action.

Ism al-Kinayah

A noun used to indicate a vague number or a vague matter, such as 'Kam' or 'Kadha'.

Ma'rifah

A noun that implies a specific or particular entity.

Nakirah

A noun that refers to a general or non-specific entity.

Mu'annath Haqiqi

A feminine noun that has a corresponding living masculine counterpart, like 'Imra'ah' (woman) vs 'Rajul' (man).

Mu'annath Sama'i

A feminine noun that lacks a physical feminine sign but is treated as feminine because it was heard as such from the Arabs.

Jam'a Taksir

A plural noun in which the structure of the singular (Wahid) noun is changed or broken.

Jam'a al-Qillah

A plural form used for numbers less than ten ($3-9$).

Ghayr Mun-sarif

A Mu'rab noun that contains two of the nine causes of declension prevention, or one cause equal to two; it does not accept Tanween or Kasra.

Af'al Naqisa

Verbs like 'Kana' that define the subject (Ism) with a specific attribute (Khabar) rather than just completing a sentence with an actor.

Ism al-Tafdil

A noun derived from an infinitive that indicates the quality of the root meaning exists more in its subject compared to others.