asi 685 quiz 1

Silage

Fermented, high-moisture fodder made from slightly immature green foliage.

Whole-plant DM yield

The total dry matter yield of the entire plant used for silage.

Nutritive value (NV)

A measure of the nutritional content and quality of forage.

BMR

Brown Mid-Rib, a trait in some crops that improves digestibility.

Clostridial silage

Silage fermentation that can produce butyric acid, ammonia, and occurs in high-risk conditions.

Bagged silage

Silage stored in large plastic bags, used as a storage method with advantages and disadvantages.

Harvest window

The optimal time frame for harvesting crops for maximum quality and yield.

DM content

Dry matter content of forage which affects fermentation efficiency.

Water Soluble Carbohydrates (WSC)

Sugars within forage crops that play a crucial role in fermentation process.

Fermentation acids

Acids produced during the fermentation of silage, affecting its quality.

Bale wrapping

The process of enclosing bales of silage in plastic to protect it from spoilage.

Inoculant (LAB)

Lactic acid bacteria added to forage to improve fermentation and reduce spoilage.

Dry Matter (DM) yield

The amount of feedstuff available after moisture is removed, crucial for evaluating silage quality.

Silage fermentation

The process by which microorganisms convert sugars in forage to acids and alcohols, preserving the feed.

Fermentation characteristics

Qualities and changes that occur during the fermentation of ensiled forage.

What are the primary principles of silage fermentation?

Principles include silage fermentation and aerobic deterioration.

What is the focus of silage preservation efficiency?

It focuses on maximizing the preservation of silage quality.

What decision tools are used for stored forages?

Tools include software for silage decision-making and economic analysis.

What is a key concern in silage safety?

Ensuring that silage does not pose health risks to animals.

What percentage of ruminant diets can forages comprise?

Forages can comprise 10% to 100% of ruminant diets.

What is the significance of dry matter (DM) in forage analysis?

DM is the basis for all other analyses and affects pricing.

How is dry matter determined using the oven method?

By drying samples at 55°C for 48 hours or 105°C for 2-3 hours.

What is the impact of moisture on feed pricing?

Higher moisture content can decrease the value per dry ton.

What historical evidence exists for silage making?

Silos found in Carthage indicate silage was made around 1200 B.C.

What were the findings of the British Government Survey in 1883 regarding silage?

Corn was the best crop for silage, and its feeding value was similar to hay.

What is the value per dry ton of wet distillers at $85.00/ton (40% DM)?

$212.50 per dry ton.

What is the value per dry ton of dry distillers at $180.00/ton (85% DM)?

$211.76 per dry ton.

What is the significance of the Koster Tester?

It prevents sample burning during dry matter determination.

What is the recommended chop length for silage according to August Goffart?

The chop length should be reduced to 1 to 1.5 centimeters.

What is a common issue with dry matter in wet feeds?

Confusion between dry matter and moisture percentages.

What is the economic impact of delivering corn silage at different DM levels?

Price per ton changes significantly based on moisture content.

What are the main uses of forages?

Feeding animals, ethanol production, wildlife support, soil protection, and tourism.

What is the role of managed pastures in land use?

They cover approximately 20% of the earth's land surface.

What is the importance of cellulose in forages?

Cellulose is the most abundant carbon source in the world.

What is the significance of the project due on May 8?

It involves calculating silage and hay requirements for a 4,000 cow dairy.

What are the grading criteria for assignments and exams?

Assignments & Quizzes 40%, Project 30%, Exam 30%.

What is the historical significance of the Old Testament in relation to silage?

It mentions the consumption of salted, seasoned green fodder.

What are the two-step methods for dry matter determination?

Using both 55°C for 48 hours and 105°C for 2-3 hours.

What is the impact of forage quality on animal performance?

Higher forage quality leads to better animal performance.

What is ensiling?

A bacterial process used to preserve fodder.

Who distinguished between sweet and sour silage?

Chemists reported on the differences in silage types.

What temperature did George Fry advocate for sealing silos?

50°C

What is sweet silage known for?

It is palatable but reduces protein digestibility.

When was Goffart's book on silage published?

1879

What was the purpose of J.B. Brown sending copies of Goffart's book?

It served as an advertisement for his company.

What significant event occurred in 1886 regarding silage in the U.S.?

The Fifth Ensilage Congress was held in New York.

What did Manly Miles publish in 1889?

Silos and Ensilage, A Practical Treatise on the Ensilage of Fodder Corn.

What was the focus of Bulletin No. 1 from New Hampshire?

It discussed the appropriate time to cut corn for silage.

What was reported in Bulletin No. 6 in 1889?

Cattle performance and sources of loss in an 80-ton capacity tower silo.

What percentage of ensiled forage was expected to be sound and available according to Bulletin No. 48?

77.2%

What factors are necessary for proper fermentation in silage?

Materials for silage, moisture contents, anaerobic conditions, and proper temperatures.

What was the finding regarding molasses in alfalfa silage?

It preserved silage for a longer period compared to ensiling alone.

What did Bulletin No. 320 document about silage research techniques?

It noted the value of sealing silage in barrels.

What was a notable finding about oat silage storage?

It could be stored in covered barrels with practically no loss.

What crops were the focus of silage research at land grant universities?

Corn, alfalfa, sunflowers, soybeans, and sorghum.

What caution was noted regarding sunflower silage in USDA Bulletin No. 1045?

Chopped sunflowers packed more closely than chopped corn, leading to silo failures.

What advantages do trench silos offer?

They are quickly constructed, require a small cash outlay, and can be built by ordinary help.

What is the significance of the wire fencing silo on the R.S. Wilson farm?

It utilizes standing bundles instead of paper to make the wall tight.

What was the material cost of the crib silo on the C.C. Clover farm?

Approximately $100, or 40 cents a ton.

What is a notable milestone in silage making from 1880-1980?

The introduction of tower silos and direct acidification techniques.

What are some of Keith Bolsen's top advances in the silage industry?

High-capacity forage harvesters, lactic acid bacterial inoculants, and oxygen barrier film.

What is the significance of the silage triangle?

It is a decision-making tool in silage management.