Pathogens

Germ Theory

Diseases are caused by microorganisms

Biohazards

biological substances that are a threat to human health

epidermiology

brand of med which deals with disease

public health

protects health of people and their communites

epidemics

widespreade disease in communitity

panademic

widespread disease in a country

Structure of virus

dna covered by genome, covered by capsid, covered by envelope

genime

dna rna housing center

capside made of

protiens and enzymes for replication

envelope made of

protiens needed to attach to host cell and lipids

virus life cycle

attaches, enters host cell, starts replicating, exit cells

how do viruses attach

via keys

naked cells

no envelopes

1st way naked cells can enter celll

puch hole in cell

2nd way nakedcan enter host cell

enter via endocytosis then punch through endosome membrane

naked cells exit cell

fills cell with bacteria then burst

1st way enveloped enter cell

fuse with membrane

2nd way enter enveloped

Taken by enocytosis then fuse with endosome membrane

how do enveloped exit

forms and buds off of cells membrane with it

aseptic tequique

procedures to avoide contamination, prevents extra stuff on petridish

gloves

prevent contamianteion from hands

petri dish

keeps bacteria contained needs to be placed upside down in incubator

enoculation loop

collect bacteria

lb nutrient agar

growth medium for bacteria

Incubator

maintains constant optiomal tempature

petri dish labling

on bottom

streaking

so you see individual colonies

bacillus

rod shaped

coccus

circle

spirialla

curled ribbion

diplo

clump to only one other, pair

straphylo

large multiple clump

strepto

straight lime

viruses

• nonliving particles with DNA or RNA that infect cells and replicate

bacteria

• prokaryote that can be both beneficial or harmfu

fungi

• eukayotes related to mushrooms some cause infections

prions

• infectious protien

Protozoa

Small parasites

helminths

• multicellurla parasitic worms that use humans as hosts

reserviour

• habitats where infectious agents live, grow, and multipl

portals of exit

how it leaves the host

modes of transmission

direct, indirect

direct transmission

transfer immediatly between hosts

indirect trandmission

can be housed temporarily

portals of entry

how it enters the body

where do immune cells develope

stem cells in bone marrow

two types of immune response

innate and adaptive

innate immune response

bodys first response

parts of innate immune system

barriers to infection, phagocytes, mast cells, inflammation

barriers to infection

skin, mucus

phagocytes

eats disease

mast cells

alarms system

inflammation

raises temp, helps to raise defense

adaptive immune response

takes longer to mount but provides more specific protection against pathogens.

t cell types

helper and killer

helper t cells

has neccasey receptor to bind to antigen

killer t cells

kills infection

t cell characterist

sticks around and remembers the infections

b cells

creates antibodies

what does the immune system respond to

• antigens

vaccines

stimulate an immune response to a weakened or partial pathogen so that the secondary immune response can occur when the real pathogen is encountered