Supreme Court Cases

Marbury v Madison 1803

-supreme court has right to judicial review

-checks and balances, constitutionality of laws could be determined by Supreme Court

Brown v Board of Education 1954

-struck down separate but equal and required integration in schools nationwide

-Overturned Plessy v Ferguson, enforced by Eisenhower

Plessy v Ferguson 1896

-separate but equal, Jim Crows was constitutional

-made segregation constitutional

Schneck v US 1919

-Schneck sent to prison

-freedom of speech can be limited if such speech poses as a “clear and present danger”

Korematsu v US 1944

-president has the right to issue the executive order that sent Japanese citizens to internment camps

-Executive Order 9066 legalizes it, Ex Parte Endo ends WRC and reversed decision

Dred Scott v Sandford 1857

-Congress can not deprive a citizens of their property (5th ammendment), African Americans not citizens, Missouri Compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional

-drove the separation of north and south to civil war

Engel v Vitale 1962

-school prayer violated separation of church of state

-standard of separation of church and state were set, prayed outlawed in school

Gibbons v Ogden 1824

-congress can regulate interstate commerce

-power to federal government, makes standard for the future

Roe v Wade 1973

-constitutional right to an abortion

-4th amendment right to privacy implied for women

McCulloh v Maryland 1819

-prohibits state taxation on a federal institution

-shows power of fed govt over states

Muller v Oregon 1908

-recognized constitutionality of laws protecting female workers

-prevented employers from controlling the work space

Tinker v Des Moines SD 1969

-arm bands protesting Vietnam War

-silent activism protected under 1st amendment

US v Nixon 1974

-turn over tapes and that executive privilege does not excuse criminal activity

-proved separation of powers, presidents not above the law

NYT v US 1971

-The Pentagon Papers did not violate national security and therefore newspapers had the right to publish them

-executive trying to cover up Vietnam War

Gideon v Wainwright 1963

-criminal defendants have the right to attorney even if they cannot afford one

-protects rights of the accused

Mapp v Ohio 1961

-evidence that illegally obtained by state may not be used against a defendant in court

-4th amendment rights were upheld, protects rights of the accused

Miranda v Arizona 1966

-Police must inform the accused of their rights

-protects the rights of the accused

Munn v Illinois 1877

-federal government can regulate private industry (grain elevator)

-victory of farmers over RR companies

Citizens United v Federal Election Committee 2010

-corporations and unions can spend unlimited amounts in elections

-corporations have the same rights as citizens

Shelby County v Holder 2013

-states and localities do not need federal approval to change voting laws

-parts of the 1965 Voting Rights Act were declared unconstituional

Worchester v Georgia 1832

-Federal courts have no jurisdiction on native-sovereign land

-ruling was not enforced by Andrew Jackson