clinical practice I quizzes for exam #1

A leading cause of pet relinquishment to animal shelters is

behavior problems reported by owners.

All animal regardless of their age can be habituated to procedures that require handling. Veterinary technicians should show all owners how to habituate their animals to all but which of the following procedures?

Hoof and paw handling

Standing for physical examinations

Eye and ear examinations

All are important for good quality health care

All are important for good quality health care

An appropriate size crate to instruct a client to buy for their dog would be one that is

large enough for the dog to stand at its full height, turn around, or lie down with its legs outstretched.

Another name for the provision of exercises and materials that stimulate physical and mental activity is environmental ________.

enrichment

Associations that are ________ will be learned most readily.

highly predictable

New dog introductions should be performed

at an area away from owner's residence

One of the most important messages that veterinary technicians can share with pet owners is

pets act based upon whether a previous action made them feel good or bad.

One of the most important things to remember about reinforcement and punishment is that they must be defined by their effects, not by intended function. Which is an example of this that can be used to educate clients?

Using a squirt bottle to discourage a dog's behavior is aversive only if the dog does not like it.

Pet behavior problems rooted in fear or anxiety are often exhibited through effects of what type of learning?

respondent

Sudden withdrawal of reinforcement, especially of a behavior that has been reinforced for a long time, leads to a certain amount of frustration in the animal and often leads to greatly increased frequency of the behavior initially. This is called ______.

extinction burst

Systematic desensitization is a procedure by which we change a dog's emotional response to a stimulus. This is done by ________.

gradually increasing exposure to the stimulus

Taking a behavior-specific history can be challenging because

clients anthropomorphize their pet's behavior

The ________________ period maybe one of the most critical periods of development for a dog. Ideally, all puppies should be exposed to a large variety of the environmental features that they are likely to encounter as an adult during this period.

socialization

The terms positive reinforcement

means something is given to the animal

Veterinary technicians must recognize behavioral changes associated with an animal's stress for all of the following reasons except

stress is not felt or exhibited by animals

When should discussion about a pet's behavioral and development needs begin with the pet's owner?

at the first veterinary appointment

Which is involved with the "take away" method of behavior modification?

take away an object valued by the offending animal

Which is the typical period of socialization in the kitten?

2-7 weeks of age

Which occurs first in dogs, sexual or social maturity?

sexual maturity

Which of the following activities represent play-related aggression?

mouthing

Which of the following is a component of proper use of positive punishment in behavior modification?

Punishment should not be severe enough to cause the pet to be fearful.

Which of the following is true regarding inter-cat aggression?

Staring between cats often precedes an aggressive act.

Which organization is responsible the awarding technicians a specialist certifications in animal behavior?

AVBT

While taking a behavior-specific history, the veterinary technician should ask

what did your pet do?

_________, also known as response blocking, is a technique that exposes an animal to a fearful stimulus at full intensity and prevents the animal from escaping until it ceases to be fearful.

Flooding

___________ conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a reflexive response when paired with a stimulus that normally elicits the response.

Classical

_______________ behaviors (those acquired by classical conditioning) are involuntary or reflexive types of behaviors.

Respondent

_______________ reinforcement is the best way to teach an animal a new behavior. It leads to a very rapid learned response.

Continuous

__________________ learning occurs when an animal forms a learned association between two features or events.

Associative

___________________ is the process used to substitute an alternative emotional response or behavior that is incompatible with the problem behavior or emotional response you are trying to eliminate.

Counter conditioning

A dog's head dropped lower than its shoulders, tail straight out, and looking right at you indicates a dog that is

aggressive

Before attempting to remove a dog or cat from its cage, the first consideration is to

close all escape routes

Displacement behaviors often appear to imply the pet is relaxing but should not be misinterpreted by veterinary personnel. All of the following are displacement behaviors except:

grooming in a cat.

yawning in a dog.

licking lips in a dog.

wagging the tail in a dog.

wagging the tail in a dog

Distraction techniques work extremely well on

horses

For veterinary treatment, friendly cats are best restrained by

applying minimal physical restraint

How can you distract a ferret from nonpainful procedures such as nail trims?

put a liquid treat on its abdomen

If a dog escapes from the clinic, veterinary personnel should first

follow the dog from a safe distance and give it time to calm down

If a pet seems to be stressed by the restraint you are using

take a break and consider using different restraint techniques

If blood needs to be collected from an aggressive cat, it would be safer to use the

medial saphenous vein

In a clinic setting, most aggressive behaviors in dogs and cats can be classified as ___________________.

fear aggression

In order to reduce stress levels in cats the practice should

establish a cat-only examination room.

Large dogs may have to be examined on the floor. This is not ideal because

the dog may feel threatened as you lean over it.

It is important to recognize the signs of a nervous cat that is likely to react poorly to handling. All of the following are signs of a nervous cat include except

direct eye contact is made with the handler

Muzzles are often safe and effective for restraining uncooperative dogs; however, be sure

the dog can still pant in order to cool itself

Reducing stress to any animal receiving medical care is important because:

it creates a safer environment for the staff.

it means medical care can be given more efficiently.

it creates a safer environment for the patient

all of the above are true.

all of the above are true

Sedatives, which may have to be used in order to treat a patient

may change physical parameters of the patient.

Solid wooden panels called hurdles are best used as a herding device for

pigs

Standing between a dog and its owner should be avoided at first because

the dog may try to protect or guard its owner

The best way to pick up a rabbit is by

grasping around and under the scruff, lifting while supporting the rear end.

Veterinary technicians should advise cat owners to reduce travel related stress for their pets by doing all of the following except:

using the carrier only for veterinary visits.

acclimating their cat to its carrier.

leaving the carrier open while at home.

feeding the cat treats in its carrier.

using the carrier only for veterinary visits

Voice commands usually work very well with which of these animals?

dogs

What is the purpose of using feline facial pheromone spray?

to cause cats to relax

What technique can be used on a cat that is objecting vigorously to an IV injection into the femoral vein?

A back leg sticking out of a burrito-wrapped towel

When collecting blood from the jugular vein of a dog, the most appropriate restraint technique is

sternal recumbency

Which component of the nervous system is activated when an animal reacts with alert upon being handled?

sympathetic

Which device when used for restraint reduces our tactile feel when holding an animal?

gauntlets

Which of the following statements regarding venipuncture is the most accurate?

It should be performed using the maximum level of restraint to ensure a still patient.

It is most painful at the point where the skin and vein is pierced.

It can result in intravascular placement of the needle if the patient moves.

It should always be done under sedation to ensure a still patient.

it is most painful at the point where the skin and vein is pierced

Which option is best to use for lifting a 90-lb pregnant dog?

One person controlling the neck and chest the other controlling the abdomen and rear

Which small animal can climb its own tail, which can be a biting hazard to the restrainer?

mouse

Which teeth on the cat cause the deepest puncture wounds if you are bitten?

canines

Who is responsible for injuries incurred by veterinary technicians while they are performing duties on a patient on a farm?

practice owner

With most small mammals, the first impulse when frightened is to

flee

Which agency inspects research facilities on an annual basis?

APHIS

How often should the IACUC review the veterinary care program?

At least every 6 months

Who appoints the individuals assigned to the IACUC?

The chief executive officer (CEO) of the facility.

The AWA:

mandates that any procedure that may have the potential for pain requires the use of analgesics, anesthetics, and tranquilizers.

Which group do federal organizations that write and enforce animal laws belong to?

Animal control group

What are examples of extrinsic predisposing factors?

Temperature, humidity, lighting, and noise.

What term refers to minimizing stress and pain in experimental procedures?

Refinement

Which agency can request animal safety testing and restrict product use?

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

An individual that advocates that animals should not be forced to work or produce for human benefit in any way and believe that animals should not be owned by a person are members of which group?

animal liberation group

What is the primary reference on animal care and use?

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.

Which species is covered under the AWA?

snakes

fish

rabbits

rats

Rabbits.

Why are rats considered a good animal model for behavioral research?

Because they have a unique ability to adapt to new environments.

Which bedding material for mice or rats may affect hepatic enzymes and cause respiratory problems?

Cedar shavings.

what is the term for teeth that grow continuously throughout a rat or mouse's life?

hypsodont

What is the gestation period for a rat?

Approximately 22 days.

Which method of animal identification has a national database of animals' identification numbers so that information can be recovered if an animal is lost or stolen?

Microchipping.

What is a result of the epiphyses of the bones not closing in most rats?

Rats grow continuously throughout their life.

What is the red-pigmented substance discharged near the eyes of stressed animals?

Porphyrin.

What unique feature of rats makes them a good model for toxicology research?

The inability to vomit.

What type of strain is developed when a mutation arises in one strain and is transferred to another through a series of back crossings?

Congenic

What is referred to when males and females are continuously housed together?

Intensive breeding

What product, composed of water, nitrogen, electrolytes, and vitamins, do rabbits digest directly from the anus?

Cecotroph

What type of ovulators are does?

Induced ovulators

What is the act of parturition in rabbits called?

Kindling

How do rabbits often communicate warnings of danger?

Thumping hindlimbs

What type of rabbit must researchers often use to avoid inducing variables into studies?

Specific pathogen-free

What is the function of the large ears of rabbits?

Thermoregulation

What is the ideal temperature range for indoor rabbits?

62-70° F

What physiologic difference led to the reclassification of rabbits from the order Rodentia?

Two pairs of upper incisors

What is the greatest risk if a rabbit's hind legs are not supported when handling the animal?

Spinal cord injury

What is the highest level of certification for members of the research team?

LATG

What is the first level of certification for a research team member?

ALAT

A shoebox rodent cage usually contains a specific lid designed for feeding. What type of feeder is this?

V-Shaped

In which type of research is the choice of a specific research model based on its ability to mimic or predict responses in other species?

Applied research

A research protocol requires the collection of urine and feces to access the total volume produced per animal per day. What is the best type of cage to use for this study?

Metabolism cages

In every animal room in this type of facility there are two doors, one for entering and one for exiting the room. What type of facility would this be?

Double-corridor facility

A new animal facility is being planned. What is the most important aspect of the design process?

Designed to minimize the spread of disease from one part of the facility to another

Which organization is responsible for enforcing laws that protect workers from workplace hazards?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)