7600 Peds Feeding - Module 1

What phase of swallowing involves bolus preparation and mastication?

Oral preparatory phase

What is the function of the oral preparatory phase?

Bolus preparation and mastication

What phase follows the oral preparatory phase?

Oral transit phase

What is the function of the oral transit phase?

Posterior bolus propulsion

What phase is responsible for airway protection and pharyngeal bolus transit?

Pharyngeal phase

What is the function of the esophageal phase?

Bolus transport to stomach

Orbicularis oris maintains what function during swallowing?

Lip seal

Which muscle is responsible for lip seal during the oral preparatory phase?

Orbicularis oris

What cranial nerve innervates orbicularis oris?

CN VII

Orbicularis oris is innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN VII

Buccinator prevents what during the oral preparatory phase?

Pocketing / cheek tension

Which muscle maintains cheek tension and prevents pocketing?

Buccinator

What cranial nerve innervates the buccinator?

CN VII

Buccinator is innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN VII

Masseter performs what action during chewing?

Jaw elevation

Which muscle is responsible for jaw elevation via CN V?

Masseter (or temporalis)

What cranial nerve innervates the masseter?

CN V

Temporalis performs what actions during swallowing?

Jaw elevation and retraction

What cranial nerve innervates the temporalis?

CN V

Medial pterygoid contributes to which jaw movements?

Elevation and rotary chewing

What cranial nerve innervates the medial pterygoid?

CN V

Lateral pterygoid contributes to which jaw movements?

Opening, protrusion, rotary chewing

What cranial nerve innervates the lateral pterygoid?

CN V

Intrinsic tongue muscles serve what function during the oral preparatory phase?

Bolus shaping and control

What cranial nerve innervates the intrinsic tongue muscles?

CN XII

Which muscles are responsible for tongue shaping and bolus control?

Intrinsic tongue muscles

Superior longitudinal tongue muscle performs what action?

Tongue tip elevation

Which tongue muscle elevates the tongue tip?

Superior longitudinal muscle

What cranial nerve innervates the superior longitudinal tongue muscle?

CN XII

Palatoglossus provides what function during the oral preparatory phase?

Oral containment at faucial isthmus

Which muscle seals the faucial isthmus during the oral preparatory phase?

Palatoglossus

What cranial nerve innervates palatoglossus?

CN X

Which cranial nerves innervate the salivary glands?

CN VII and CN IX

Salivation is driven by which cranial nerves?

CN VII and IX

Genioglossus performs what actions?

Protrudes and depresses tongue

Which tongue muscle protrudes and depresses the tongue?

Genioglossus

What cranial nerve innervates genioglossus?

CN XII

Styloglossus performs what actions during oral transit?

Retracts and elevates tongue

Which muscle retracts and elevates the tongue?

Styloglossus

What cranial nerve innervates styloglossus?

CN XII

Hyoglossus performs what action?

Depresses sides of tongue

Which muscle depresses the lateral borders of the tongue?

Hyoglossus

What cranial nerve innervates hyoglossus?

CN XII

Palatoglossus seals what structure during bolus propulsion?

Oral cavity

What function does palatoglossus serve during oral transit?

Seals oral cavity during propulsion

Palatopharyngeus performs what action during oral transit?

Narrows pharyngeal opening

What cranial nerve innervates palatopharyngeus?

CN X

Tensor veli palatini performs what function during swallowing?

Stiffens soft palate

What cranial nerve innervates tensor veli palatini?

CN V

Which muscle stiffens the soft palate?

Tensor veli palatini

Levator veli palatini performs what function during swallowing?

Elevates soft palate

What cranial nerve innervates levator veli palatini?

CN X

Which muscle elevates the soft palate during swallowing?

Levator veli palatini

The sensory trigger for swallowing is located at which structure?

Faucial pillars

Which cranial nerve provides the sensory trigger at the faucial pillars?

CN IX

CN IX is the primary sensory nerve for what function?

Swallow initiation

Which muscles tilt the arytenoids forward to contact the epiglottis?

Arytenoids (intrinsic laryngeal)

What cranial nerve controls arytenoid movement during airway protection?

CN X

Lateral cricoarytenoid performs what function during swallowing?

True vocal fold adduction

Which muscle adducts the true vocal folds?

Lateral cricoarytenoid

What cranial nerve innervates the lateral cricoarytenoid?

CN X

Interarytenoid performs what function during swallowing?

Posterior glottic closure

Which muscle is responsible for posterior glottic closure?

Interarytenoid

What cranial nerve innervates the interarytenoid?

CN X

Thyroarytenoid performs what functions during swallowing?

Tightens VFs; closes false VFs

What cranial nerve innervates the thyroarytenoid?

CN X

How does the epiglottis invert during swallowing?

BOT retraction + arytenoid tilt

Epiglottic inversion is driven by which two mechanisms?

BOT retraction and arytenoid tilt

Is epiglottic inversion active or passive?

Passive

Which two muscles produce BOT retraction?

Styloglossus and palatoglossus

BOT retraction is achieved by which muscles?

Styloglossus and palatoglossus

Mylohyoid performs what function during swallowing?

Elevates hyoid

What cranial nerve innervates mylohyoid?

CN V

Which muscle elevates the hyoid and is innervated by CN V?

Mylohyoid

Geniohyoid performs what function during swallowing?

Pulls hyoid forward

What nerve innervates geniohyoid?

C1 via CN XII

Which nerve carries C1 fibers to the geniohyoid?

CN XII

Anterior digastric performs what function during swallowing?

Elevates hyoid

What cranial nerve innervates the anterior digastric?

CN V

Stylohyoid performs what function during swallowing?

Elevates hyoid

What cranial nerve innervates stylohyoid?

CN VII

Thyrohyoid performs what function during swallowing?

Elevates larynx

What nerve innervates the thyrohyoid?

C1 via CN XII

Which four muscles contribute to hyoid elevation?

Mylohyoid, geniohyoid, anterior digastric, stylohyoid

What is the primary function of the suprahyoid muscle group in swallowing?

Hyoid elevation and UES opening

Superior constrictor performs what function?

Initiates pharyngeal contraction

What cranial nerve innervates the superior constrictor?

CN X

Middle constrictor performs what function?

Propels bolus downward

What cranial nerve innervates the middle constrictor?

CN X

Inferior constrictor performs what function?

Final bolus propulsion

What cranial nerve innervates the inferior constrictor?

CN X

All three pharyngeal constrictors are innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN X

Which cranial nerve innervates the pharyngeal constrictors?

CN X

Stylopharyngeus performs what function?

Elevates pharynx

What cranial nerve innervates stylopharyngeus?

CN IX

Which muscle elevates the pharynx and is innervated by CN IX?

Stylopharyngeus

Palatopharyngeus performs what function during the pharyngeal phase?

Shortens pharynx

What cranial nerve innervates palatopharyngeus during the pharyngeal phase?

CN X

Cricopharyngeus performs what function during UES opening?

Relaxes UES

What cranial nerve innervates cricopharyngeus?

CN X