Grade 9 Science - Comprehensive Test Review

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts in biology, chemistry, and electricity based on Grade 9 Science test materials.

Diploid

The number representing a full set of chromosomes, which in humans is $46$.

Zygote

A fertilized egg formed when a sperm nucleus combines with an egg nucleus.

Hermaphrodite

An organism having both male and female sex organs.

Fallopian tube

The structure where an egg travels after being released from the ovary and where fertilization occurs.

Interphase

The stage of the cell cycle in which a cell is not actively dividing.

Asexual reproduction

A form of reproduction resulting in genetically identical offspring.

Gametes

The scientific term for sex cells.

Mitochondria

Cell organelle that provides energy for the cell.

Flow phase

The stage of the menstrual cycle where the endometrium is shed.

Cytoplasm

The location of most cell activity, such as moving materials.

Ribosomes

Cell structures responsible for producing proteins.

Pistil

The female reproductive structure of a plant.

Stamen

The male reproductive structure of a plant.

Fragmentation

A form of asexual reproduction where a small part of an animal breaks off and grows into a new organism, such represented by the starfish.

Meiosis

The process by which sex cells are produced.

Crossing over

An event happening during prophase I of meiosis that adds to genetic diversity.

Anther

The part of a flowering plant where male gametes are produced.

Metaphase

The stage of mitosis during which the chromatids line up.

Karyotype

An individual's complete set of chromosomes arranged in matching pairs by size and structure.

Electrons

Sub-atomic particles that have a negative charge.

Neutrons

Sub-atomic particles with a neutral charge located in the nucleus.

J.J. Thomson

The scientist who discovered the electron and proposed the raisin bun (aka chocolate chip cookie) theory.

Rutherford

The scientist who discovered the nucleus through the gold foil experiment.

Polyatomic ion

An ion made up of many atoms that together have a single charge; examples often end in -ate or -ite.

Atomic number

A value that always represents the number of protons in an element.

Ion

An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons.

Coulomb

The unit of measurement for electric charge ($C$).

Volt

The SI unit of electric potential difference ($V$).

Conduction

A process by which electricity is transferred through direct contact of particles.

Induction

The process by which an object becomes charged by bringing it near a charged object without direct contact.

Conductor

A material, such as copper or metal, that allows electric charge to flow easily through it.

Insulator

A material, such as rubber or glass, that resists the flow of electric charge.

Ampere

The unit of measurement for electric current in a circuit ($A$).

Conventional current

The direction of current flow from positive to negative.

Electron flow notation

The direction of current indicated from negative to positive.

Electric Current Formula

The mathematical relationship defined as $I = \frac{Q}{t}$.