Unit 5 Ap World Revised

Industrial Revolution

The economic shift happening in this period.

New Imperialism

The expansion of European power.

The Enlightenment

Applying Scientific Revolution logic (reason and logic) to human rights and society.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789)

The primary document that encapsulates Enlightenment ideals; often called the French Bill of Rights.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Author of The Social Contract.

Social Contract

The concept that rights are guaranteed in a contract written into law.

Revolution

A period of intense rebellion against existing governments leading to new nation-states.

Classical Liberalism

The belief in individual rights, limited government, and free-market capitalism (not to be confused with modern political definitions).

American Revolution

A key revolution that occurred in the late 18th century, grown politically distant form britain

Haitian Revolution

Led by Toussaint L'Ouverture against French colonial rule, inspired by french revolution

Latin American Revolutions

Movements for independence from Spain, heavily influenced by Simon Bolivar.

Declaration of Independence

A revolutionary document declaring the independence of the American colonies.

Jamaica Letter

Written by Simon Bolivar justifying independence from Spain.

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement that emphasized reason, individual rights, and questioning traditional authority.

John Locke

English philosopher who argued for natural rights, consent of the governed, and the right to revolt.

Thomas Hobbes

English philosopher who believed strong rulers were needed to prevent disorder and violence.

Baron de Montesquieu

French thinker who promoted separation of powers and checks and balances in government.

Voltaire

French writer who defended freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and civil liberties.

Adam Smith

Scottish thinker who supported free markets and laissez-faire economic policies, capitalism

Thomas Paine

Political writer who argued for independence and democratic government in Common Sense.

Desim

The belief that a God created the universe and humanity, but then left it all alone

Conservatism

belief that society was an organism that changed slowly over generations

Liberalism

a belief in natural rights, constitution, less church/ military power

socialism

belief that public/ direct work should own means of prodcution

Feminism

The belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men

mary wollestonecraft

promoted political and educational equality for women

Sereca Falls Convention

U.S Rally for women's right , organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Abolitionism

Movement to end slavery

zionism

desire for jews to establish a independent homeland, Palestine

Anti-Semistism

Hatred of Jews

New Zealand Wars

Military confrontations between the Maori and British over who had rights to the land which eventually ended in European colonization of New Zealand.

French Revolution

The revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy, overtaxed and brow away.

National Assembly

French Revolutionary assembly (1789-1791). Called first as the Estates General, the three estates came together and demanded radical change. It passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution.

Napoleon Bonaparte

French general who became emperor of the French, stage coup and seized power

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Leader of the Haitian Revolution. He freed the slaves and gained effective independence for Haiti despite military interventions by the British and French.

Creole Revolutions

A revolution set up by the creoles because they wanted more political power.

Pennisulares

People born in Spain of the highest social class

Creoles

latin americans born to European parents

Mestizos

A person of mixed Native American and European ancestory

Mulattoes

People of African and European descent

Italian Unification

Italian Peninsula was separated, united kindgom under vitor emmanuel

German Unification

many in prussia wanted to consolidated german terriotes into one empire

Otto von Bismarck

German statesman under whose leadership Germany was united (1815-1898)

France-Prussian War

-the third and final step in German unification

Balkan Nationalism

Movements to create independent nations within the Balkan possessions of the Ottoman Empire

Indian Rebellion

Massive uprising of much of India against British rule; also called the Indian Mutiny or the Sepoy Mutiny from the fact that the rebellion first broke out among Indian troops in British employ.

Agricultural Revolution

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

crop rotation

the system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land

Seed Drill

machine that sowed seeds in rows and covered up the seeds in rows

Flying Shuttle

this sped up the weaving process in 1733.

Spinning Jenny

A machine that could spin several threads at once

division of labor

Division of work into a number of separate tasks to be performed by different workers

Specialization of Labor

The division of labor that aids the development of skills in a particular type of work

assembly line

Production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks

interchangeable parts

Identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing

Steam Engine

A machine that turns the energy released by burning fuel into motion.

2nd Industrial Revolution

A wave of late 19th century industrialization that was characterized by an increased use of steel, chemical processes, electric power, and railroads.

labor unions

An organization formed by workers to strive for better wages and working conditions

Congress of Vienna

(1814-1815 CE) Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon.

Ottoman Empire 1750-1900

sick man of europe, lossing military power, economic difficulties

Tanzimat Reforms

A set of reforms in the Ottoman Empire set to revise Ottoman law to help lift the capitulations put on the Ottomans by European powers.

Meji Restoration

Modernization and westernization in Japan

bessemer process

A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities.

cotton gin

A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793

water frame

1780's; Richard Arkwright; powered by water; turned out yarn much faster than cottage spinning wheels, led to development of mechanized looms

Crystal Palace

showcased products from all around the world

realpoltik

the politics of reality

Seven Years War

Fought between France/Russia and Prussia- Frederick kept fighting against heavy odds and was saved when Peter III took Russian throne and called off the war.

laissez-faire economics

Theory that opposes governmental interference in economic affairs beyond what is necessary to protect life and property.