behavioural explanation

What does it use

Classical conditioning - association

What is the unconditioned stimulus in little Albert

Loud noise

What is the unconditioned response in LA

Fear

What is the neutral stimulus In LA

Rat

What does the UCS and the NS make

UCR

What is the conditioned stimulus

Rat

What is the conditioned response

Fear

Who did the study on dogs for learned helplessness

Seigman and Maier

What were the 3 groups

Group 1 ( control ) = dogs put in a cage then released with no shock

Group 2 = put in a cage and shocked. If they pressed a button they were released

Group 3 = in a cage being shocked but cannot get out

What were the results

When put it a box, 1 side shocked the other didn’t so the dogs had to jump over a wall to get out of shock

Group 1 and 2 jumped but group 3 didn’t ( learned helplessness )

How does this link to depression

Early experiences of no control means when faced with similar situations people may be inactive and depressed

What does operant conditioning think

Reinforcement

Punishment

Positive - adding something

Negative - taking something away

How does positive reinforcement relate to phobias

Attention after reaction to phobic object can reinforce behaviour if they are rewarded

How does negative reinforcement explain phobia

Explains why you avoid

E.g - taking stairs if fear of lift