HDFS 2100 Lecture Quiz #2

Nature vs Nurture

Development is influenced by both biology and environment

Multiple Intelligences (Gardner)

Intelligence exists in different forms, not just one

Music Ability (Newborns)

Babies can detect rhythm and distinguish music from noise

Toddler Movement

Toddlers dance but cannot match rhythm perfectly

Early Childhood Movement (3-4 yrs)

Begin syncing movements to a beat

Brain Development (Early)

Simple —> complex skills as brain matures

Perry Preschool Project

Early education leads to better life outcomes (school, income, crime reduction)

Preoperational Stage (Piaget)

Thinking becomes symbolic but not logical

Conservation

Understanding quantity stays the same despite appearance

Egocentrism

Difficulty seeing others’ perspectives

Theory of Mind

Understanding others have thoughts and feelings

False-Belief Task

Test for theory of mind

Guided Participation

Learning through involvement with others

Responsiveness (Warmth)

Emotional support and care

Demandingness (Control)

Rules and expectations

Authoritative Parenting

High warmth + control (best outcomes)

Permissive Parenting

High warmth + low control

Disengaged Parenting

Low warmth + low control

Chiao Shun

Training children toward success (Chinese concept)

Guan

Parenting through guidance and control

Filial Piety

Respect for parents (Asian cultures)

Familismo

Strong family loyalty (Latino cultures)

Preschools as Cultural Institutions

Reflect cultural values

Parent Involvement

Communication with teachers, parents, and children

U.S. Parenting

Focus on early academics

European Parenting

Focus on play and development

Concrete Operational Stage

Logical thinking about real objects

Classification

Grouping objects

Seriation

Arranging objects in order

Selective Attention

Focusing on relevant information

ADHD

Disorder involving inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity

ADHD Impact

Affects school, peers, family

ADHD Strength Idea

Energy/curiosity can be beneficial in right setting

Executive Functioning

Skills for planning, control, and problem-solving

Working Memory

Holding information in mind

Response Inhibition

Controlling impulses

Cognitive Flexibility

Switching thinking

Prefrontal Cortex

Brian area responsible for executive function

5-to-7 Shift

Major cognitive development around age 5-7

5-to-7 Shift Result

More logical thinking and self-control

Adolescence

Transition from childhood to adulthood

Rituals

Activities marking life transitions

Traditional Rituals

Cultural coming-of-age practices

Modern Rituals

Prom, birthdays, social milestones

Developmental Cascade

Early experiences create chain reactions over time

Cascade Effect

Problems or successes spread across areas (school, social, etc.)

Formal Operational Stage

Abstract and logical thinking

Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning

Testing ideas logically

Metacognition

Thinking about thinking

Imaginary Audience

Feeling constantly watched/judged

Personal Fable

Belief you are unique/special

Immigrant Paradox

Outcomes worsen the longer families stay in U.S.

Acculturation

Adapting to a new culture

Synaptic Pruning

Removing unused brain connections

Myelination

Faster brain communication

Cerebellum

Coordination, balance, motor learning

Passionate Love

Intense emotional attraction

Compassionate Love

Deep, stable connection

Maturational Gap Model

Reward system develops before control system

Maturational Gap Model Result

High risk-taking teens

Mental Disorders (Adolescence)

Increased risk due to stress + brain changes

Eating Disorders

Unhealthy eating behaviors (e.g., anorexia)

Abstract Thinking

Thinking about ideas

Complex Thinking

Understanding multiple perspectives

Preconventional

Reward/punishment

Conventional

Rules and approval

Postconventional

Personal morals

Ethic of Autonomy

Individual rights

Ethic of Community

Social roles

Ethic of Divinity

Religious values

Developmental Niche

Environment shaping development

Settings

Where development happens

Customs

Cultural practices

Caretaker Beliefs

Values of caregivers