mental illness vocab

psychological disorder

harmful dysfunction of behavior, must meet all four criteria

maladaptive behavior

destructive to self or others

unjustifiable behavior

without rational basis

disturbing behavior

troublesome to other people

atypical behavior

different from the norm

philippe pinel

french physician who reformed treatment of mental illness

medical model

mental illnesses have physical causes to diagnose, treat, and possibly cure.

bio-psycho-social model

the idea that physical, mental, and environmental factors influence mental illness.

classify psychological disorders according to their symptoms to…

1- describe the disorder

       2- predict the future course of the disorder

       3- treat the disorder appropriately

       4- provide a springboard for research into the  disorder’s causes

disadvantage to labeling disorders

election campaign equals diagnosed and labeled incompetent

disadvantage to labeling disorders

apartment renting experiment equals mental hospital or jail and labeled dangerous

disadvantage to labeling disorders

interview experiment equals therapist or employer and labeled by stigma

disadvantage to labeling disorders

TV/media equals mental illness storylines and labeled crazy/criminals

disadvantage to labeling disorders

Professor experiment equals mental hospital and mislabeled/overdiagnosed

DSM-IV-TR

Constantly being revised to add, drop, or rename disorders

Axis I

Is a clinical syndrome present?

 List main symptoms and possible diagnosis of disorder

Axis II

Is a personality disorder or mental retardation present?

 List other symptoms and possibly diagnose other disorders

Axis III

Is a general medical condition, such as diabetes, hypertension, or arthritis, also present?

 List physical conditions and mannerisms

Axis IV

Are psychosocial or environmental problems, such as school or housing issues, also present

 List of current stressors (The past year)

Axis V

What is the global assessment of this person's functioning

 Looking for adaptive functioning in social relations, occupational functioning and use of leisure time

anxiety disorders

Vague feeling of apprehension or nervousness

 When trying for control symptoms can amplify

generalized anxiety disorder

Marked by disruptive levels of persistent unexplained feelings

panic disorder

Sudden bouts of intense unexplained worry

phobia

Disruptive irrational fears of objects or situations  

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions

posttraumatic stress disorder

Reliving severely upsetting events with unwanted recurring memories and dreams

biological factors (anxiety)

Heredity

Brain Function

Evolution

learning factors (anxiety)

Conditioning

Observational Learning

Reinforcement

major depressive disorder

Need 5 symptoms for 2 or more weeks

bipolar disorder

Alternate between hopelessness of depression and over excited unreasonably optimistic mania

biological factors (mood)

heredity

brain function

social-cognitive factors (mood)

Learned Helplessness

Attributions

dissociative disorders

Sense of self separated from previous memories thoughts or feelings

dissociative amnesia

Loss of memory in reaction to traumatic event

dissociative fugue

Loss of identity and traveling to new location

dissociative identity disorder

Rare are controversial

 Individual experiences two or more distinct and alternating personalities

schizophrenic disorders

Characterized by disorganized delusional thinking disturbed perceptions and inappropriate emotions/behaviors

delusion

False belief 

 Delusions of grandeur persecution sin or guilt and influence

hallucination

False perception

 Most often auditory but can be visual sometimes tactile less common is taste and smell

inappropriate emotions or behaviors

Wildly inappropriate emotions mentally or physically

 Laughing uncontrollably vs flat emotions

Word salad(nonsense talk) vs not speaking at all

paranoid schizophrenia

Typically delusions of grandeur and persecution with hallucinations to support it

catatonic schizophrenia

Alternate between two phases

 Catatonic excitement vs stupor

disorganized schizophrenia

Tend to have more bizarre behavior delusions and hallucinations that are visually disturbing

undifferentiated schizophrenia

Behaviors not consistent with other ones gets undifferentiated

biological factors (schizophrenia)

Genetics

Brain Structure

Brain Function

Prenatal Viruses

psychological factors (schizophrenia)

Disturbed Family Communication

personality disorders

Lasting rigid behavior patterns that disrupt social functioning

 10 personality disorders in 3 clusters

avoidant personality disorder

Fear of being rejected making relationships difficult

dependent personality disorder

Clingy or submissive or needing to be cared for effects

paranoid personality disorder

Deep distrust of others

schizoid personality disorder

Detached from social relationships entirely

borderline personality disorder

Exhibits instability of emotions self image behavior and relationships

antisocial personality disorder

They show lack of conscious for wrongdoing and lack of respect for others