4) Six Battles Now We Must Survive Towton

when was St Albans

22nd May 1455

when was Bloreheath/Ludford bridge

Sept 1459

Oct 1459

when was battle of Northhampton

10th July 1460

when was battle of Wakefield

30th December 1460

when was Mortimers Cross

2nd Feb 1461

when was St Albans II

17th Feb 1461

When was Towton

29th March 1461

details of battles of St Albans 1455

- Royals = Somerset, Clifford, Buckingham, Devon 2k

- Yorkist = Warwick and Salisbury 3k

- Yorkists won

Somerset died

significance of battle of St Albans 1 1455

- barricades on both side, general public supported Lancastrians

- Warwick captain of Calais, standing army

- Warwick refused to give Calais back when Henry recovered

how did the Yorkists win St Albans 1 1455

- HVI path to Leicester blocked

- Salisbury failed to break down barricades

- Warwick led men through back gardens to high-street

- Somerset retreated to Castle inn, decided to charge, Somerset, Clifford, and Northumberland die

- Wiltshire escapes to abbey

- HVI captured, York made leader of his gov

after which battle did MoA move her royal court to coventry

St Albans 1

details of battle of Blore Heath/Ludford Bridge 1459

- York has Salisbury, Warwick, Andrew Trollope

- army from Calais Garrison

- Y army led by Salisbury defeats L at Blore Heath

- Y = 60k L = 40k

- Ludford bridge never happened, Trollope refused to commit treason

significance of battle of B H/L B 1459

- Nov 1458, assassination attempt on Warwick

- L + Y assemble armies

- LB Yorkists scattered and York escaped overnight, left youngest Ed earl of March w Warwick - alliance

- vacuum of opposition

after which battle did MoA set up parliament of devils

Blore Heath/ Ludford Bridge

when did MoA set up the parliament of devils

November 1459

details of battle of Northhampton 1460

- MoA actions = Yorkists something to fight for

- Y = 60k , L = 40k

- treachery of Lord Grey (L commander displayed Warwicks badge, tells him to lay down weapons)

- 3k deaths, mostly L, Buckingham dead

significance of battle of Northhampton 1460

- HVI captured enemy forces, forced to sanction Yorkist gov

- York returns, no prob but turning point as he claims throne for himself, comes back holding sword uprights

- Parl said no, but allowed act of accord, his sons to take H throne

what was the act of accord 1460

Act saying York and sons can take HVI throne after he dies, line of sucession

after which battle was the act of accord passed

Northhampton

details of Wakefield 1460

- L forces headed by MoA vs. York

- Earl of March got support at Welsh borders, Warwick left in London, to control capital and Watch King

- York and Salisbury killed

what was the significance of Wakefield 1460

- Ed left to take up title of Duke of York cos daddy dead

- alienates general public from L

- MoA, cant afford to pay northern host so she lets them pillage all the way down

- London shuts gates on them

what was MoA army called

the Northern Host

what was the details of Mortimers Cross 1461

- Yorkists under Ed intercepted L force under Jasper Tudor (Henry VI half brother)

- 2-3k men each side

- Parhelion, Gods favour

significance of Mortimer's cross 1461

support for Warwick side, W acted as decoy in London, diverting Lancastrian forces to him

what were the details of St Albans 2 1461

- L victory before Ed arrives (Mortimer's Cross)

- L led by Trollope and Somerset

- Y led by Warwick and Lord Montagu

significance of St Albans 2 1461

- Ed isn't there, Warwick didn't use info about L

- lost HVI, back to L

- MoA back to North, London left open for Edward

- Yorkists don't want to be fighting against HVI, Ed heads to London to claim throne

brief details of the battle of Towton 29th March 1461

- Somerset commanded L w Northumberland and Trollope

- York commanded Yorkists w Warwick and Norfolk

- Decisive Yorkist victory

- MoA fled to Scotland w Prince Edward