PSY1115: Psychology of Motivation and Emotion - Week 5: Intrinsic & Extrinsic Motivation

This set covers key terminology regarding intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, behavioral reinforcement, punishment, and the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) framework as presented by Dr. Shaun Markovic.

$$S : R \rightarrow C$$

A behavioral model where motivated behaviour changes as a result of the consequences ($C$) of a response ($R$) to a situational cue ($S$).

Incentives

Situational cues that represent attraction or aversion and are inherently individual and experiential.

Expectancy theory

A theory stating that behavioural decision making is driven by the perception of the most rewarding outcome.

Positive punishment

The introduction of an unpleasant stimulus intended to decrease the frequency of an undesired behaviour.

Negative punishment

The removal of a pleasant stimulus intended to decrease the frequency of an undesired behaviour.

Extrinsic motivation

Completing an activity in order to attain some separable outcome, driven by external factors such as rewards, instrumental value, or fear of punishment.

External Regulation

A subtype of extrinsic motivation where behaviours are driven purely by external rewards and punishments to achieve compliance.

Introjected regulation

A subtype of extrinsic motivation where behaviours are driven by internalised feelings such as guilt, pride, ego-involvement, or self-control.

Identified regulation

A subtype of extrinsic motivation where behaviours are driven by an appreciation of their instrumental value and personal importance.

Integrated regulation

The most autonomous form of extrinsic motivation, where behaviours are incorporated into one's sense of self and are congruent with one's values.

Intrinsic Motivation

The inherent tendency to seek out novelty and challenges, to extend and exercise one’s capacities, and to perform a task for inherent satisfaction.

Self-Determination Theory (SDT)

A framework developed by Richard Ryan and Edward Deci focusing on how people have psychological needs that direct intrinsic motivation and internal regulation.

Autonomy

The psychological need for self-regulation and control over one's own actions.

Competency

The psychological need to master skills and abilities and to feel effective in one's environment.

Relatedness

The psychological need to connect with others and feel a sense of belonging.

Amotivation

A state characterized by a lack of intention, non-valuing of an activity, perceived incompetence, and a lack of control.

BOLD response

A neuroimaging signal that increases in brain regions associated with more autonomous behavioural direction in response to intrinsic motivation tasks.

Overjustification

An overall loss of motivation that occurs when an extrinsic factor, such as a reward, is introduced to a task previously driven by intrinsic enjoyment.