Anatomy Final

mucous membrane

lines digestive, respitory, urinary, and reproductive tracts

serous membrane

lines the peritoneal pleural and pericardial cavities

cutaeous membrane

the skin, covers the body’s surface

synorial membrane

lines joint cavities with fluids

major functions of ingumentary system

insulation, protection of organs, prevention of water loss, regulation of heat loss, excretion, manufactures vitamin D and protiens, protects against bacteria

Dermis

strong and stretchy, has 2 major regions of connective tissue; papillary and reticular

Papillary

creates fingerprints, gives nutrients to epidermis, has pain and touch receptors

reticular

has sweat and oil glands, has deep pressure receptors, deepest skin layer

factors contributing to skin color

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

melanin

pigment created by melanocytes

melonosomes

a site for synthesis and transportation of melanin

melanocytes

melanin-producing, found in-between layer of skin’s epidermis

Basale layer

deepest layer, stem cells located here, gets nutrients first, millions of cells produced here

spinosum layer

has thick bundles of keratin

granulosum layer

cells are flattened and organelles deteriorate

lucidum layer

cells die here, located only on hairless skin

corneum layer

20-30 layers thick, cells filled with keratin, water resistant

merkel cell

is touch receptors, associated with sensory

sebaceous gland

secretes sebum into hair follicoles

sweat glands

secretes sweat

eccrine

opens onto surface of skin

apocrine

opens into hair follicle, leads to surface of the skin

1st degree burn

surface level, only on epidermis layer

2nd degree burn

goes past epidermis into the dermis

3rd degree burns

goes past epidermis and dermis layers and into the hypodermis layer

hair and nails formation

hair is from a follicle, nails from a nail bed, both made form epithelial cells

keratin

fibrous protein, makes up hair and nails

osmosis

movement of water through a permiable membrane

Active transport vs Passive transport

active requires ATP while passive doesnt

anatomy

study of physical form of body and the structure

physiology

study of how the body functions and how each part is dependant on the others

integumentary system

external covering of the body (the skin)

nervous system

consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors

negative feeback

effects of the stimulus is the body to shut off the stimulus or reduce its intensity systems to reduce or stop stimulus

positive feedback

increases the stimulus to push the variable further than its original value systems try to increase the stimulus

median (midsaggital)

dividing body up and down (vertically)

frontal (coronal)

dividing body from posterior and anterior

transverse (cross section)

dividing body horizontally (side to side)