ex test and rx midterm

met value of Light-intensity

<3.0 METs.

met value moderate intensity

3.0-5.9 METs

met values vigorous intensity

≥6.0 METs

sedentary behavior

Walking behaviors that take place as sitting or reclined while engaging in minimal energy expenditure (≤ 1.5 METs). (Sleeping is not include)

physical fitness attributes: health related examples

Muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, and body composition.

physical fitness attributes: skill related examples

Agility, coordination, balance, power, reaction time, and speed.

physical activity

Bodily movements that result in energy expenditure through the use of skeletal muscle contractions. broad term that includes yard work, manual labor, and playing

1 Met

The estimated energy cost of sitting quietly; 1 MET = 3.5 mL/kg/min (oxygen consumption)

sedentary behavior effect on bones

decreased bone mineral density

Korotkoff Sounds phase 1

First clear repetitive tapping, represents systole

Korotkoff Sounds phase 2

Soft tapping or murmuring with a swishing component

Korotkoff Sounds phase 3

Louder, crisper tapping

Korotkoff Sounds phase 4

Muffled, less distinct sounds

Korotkoff Sounds phase 5

Complete disappearance of sound, represents diastole

Stage 1 Hypertension value

130–139 SBP OR 80–89 DBP.

stage 2 hypertension value

≥140 SBP OR ≥90 DBP

hypertensive crisis value

>180 SBP and/or >120 DBP

Par q: If a participant answers "NO" to all 7 general questions

They are cleared for physical activity and should sign the participant declaration.

Par q: If a participant answers "YES" to one or more questions

They must complete follow-up questions regarding their specific medical condition(s).

par q: further action- If "YES" is answered to follow-up questions

the individual should seek medical clearance or consult a qualified exercise professional before becoming more active

Response to patient with CVD symptoms

Patient should discontinue exercise and seek medical clearance before returning to or starting a program.

Blood pressure errors

-        Equipment errors: faulty sphygmomanometer or equipment

-        Technique errors: Improper cuff size,  not having the cuff at heart level, Improper stethoscope placement or pressure, Rate of inflation or deflation of cuff pressure

-        Technician errors: Low auditory acuity, low experience, slow reaction time

-        Environment/ patient errors: Background noise, patient holding treadmill handrail or flex elbow, physiological abnormalities (e.g., damaged brachial artery, subclavian steal syndrome, arteriovenous fistula)

Moderate-intensity activity goal

At least 150 minutes per week, Typically 30 minutes per day, 5 days per week

Moderate Intensity percentage

50–70% of HRmax

Vigorous-intensity activity goal

At least 75 minutes per week, Typically 20 minutes per day, 3 days per week

Additional Health Benefit goal

300 minutes per week of moderate-intensity activity for added benefits

Muscle-Strengthening Goal

Perform muscle‑strengthening activities on ≥ 2 days per week

Energy Expenditure Goal

500–1,000 MET‑minutes per week recommended for health benefits

Vigorous intensity percentage

70–85% of HRmax

Hypertensive Response and Indications to Stop Exercise

SBP >250 mmHg  and/or DBP > 115 mmHg

Exaggerated Hypertensive Response: men

≥ 210 mmHg

Exaggerated Hypertensive Response: women

≥ 190 mmHg

Hypotension response values to exercise

Abnormal decrease of SBP below pretesting resting value or by > 10 mmHg after a preliminary increase

Absolute Contraindications to stop exercise

Exercise testing should NOT be performed. Examples; chest pain and shortness of breath

Relative Contraindications to stop exercise

Exercise testing may be performed only if benefits outweigh risks

age predicted HR max formula

220- age

How to find % of HR max for x year old person

1.       Find HRmax: 220 – x year old = x bpm.

2. Calculate %: HRmax x % = x bpm.

Karvonen (HRR) Method (for more precision)

THR = [(HRmax – HRrest) x % intensity] + HRrest

Absolute VO2 units

L/min or mL/min

Relative VO2 units

mL/kg/min

If the participant is a minor, the parent or legal guardian provides consent, whereas

the minor provides assent (agreement). This is their voluntary agreement to participate after the test has been explained at their level of understanding.