Im bouta get cooked by Mr. Justin's Test please help me

Srivijaya

A powerful thalassocracy (sea-based empire) based in Sumatra, dominant from the 7th to 13th centuries, controlling the Strait of Malacca and maritime trade routes.

Sailendra

A Buddhist dynasty that ruled central Java, famous for building the massive Borobudur temple in the 8th and 9th centuries (Lord of the Mountains)

Mataram

A Hindu-Buddhist kingdom in central Java (8th-10th centuries) that built the Prambanan temple and later moved to East Java.

Singhasari

A kingdom located in East Java (1222-1292) that laid the foundations for the Majapahit Empire.

Majapahit

A vast archipelagic empire based in East Java (1293-c.1527), considered one of the greatest and last of the major Hindu-Buddhist empires in Indonesia. Built by radan Wijaya after kicking out Mongols

Kertanegara

The last and most ambitious ruler of Singhasari, who expanded its influence and whose death led to the founding of Majapahit.

Raden Wijaya

The founder and first ruler of the Majapahit Empire (1294-1309).

Gaja Mada

The powerful and ambitious Prime Minister of Majapahit who swore the Palapa Oath, vowing not to enjoy any spices until he had unified the archipelago.

Hayam Wuruk

The ruler of Majapahit (1350-1389) during its golden age, with Gaja Mada as his chief minister.

The Mongols

The Yuan dynasty fleet sent by Kublai Khan to attack Singhasari, which Raden Wijaya used to his advantage to defeat his enemies and found Majapahit.

Zheng He

The Chinese Ming dynasty admiral and diplomat who made several voyages through the Indonesian archipelago in the early 15th century, strengthening trade and diplomatic ties.

The timeline of Europeans in Indonesia

Portuguese (1512 onwards) -> Spanish -> Dutch (1596 onwards) -> British (briefly 1811-1816) -> Dutch return until WWII.

Afonso de Albuquerque

The Portuguese viceroy who conquered the strategic port city of Malacca in 1511.

The Treaty of Tordesillas

A 1494 agreement between Spain and Portugal dividing the newly discovered lands outside Europe, placing the Moluccas (Spice Islands) in Portugal's sphere.

Jan Pieterzoon Coen

The ruthless Governor-General of the VOC who founded Batavia (Jakarta) and led the Banda Massacre to enforce a nutmeg monopoly.

Herman Van Speult

The VOC Governor of Ambon who presided over the Amboyna Massacre in 1623, executing Englishmen and others for alleged treason.

Dutch East India Company (VOC)

A powerful Dutch trading company granted a monopoly on Asian trade and quasi-governmental powers, which established Dutch control in Indonesia.

Herman Willem Daendels

The Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (1808-1811) during French rule, known for his harsh forced labor to build defenses, including the Great Post Road.

Thomas Stamford Raffles

The British Lieutenant-Governor of Java during its brief British rule (1811-1816), known for his liberal policies, anti-slavery stance, and rediscovery of Borobudur.

Archipelago

A chain, cluster, or collection of islands, such as the Indonesian archipelago.

Alliances

A union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations, often used by colonial powers to play local rulers against each other.

Bias

A prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, which is present in all historical sources and must be identified.

Cash crop

An agricultural crop grown for sale to return a profit, rather than for subsistence (e.g., coffee, sugar, tobacco in the colonial era).

Colonialism

The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

Monopoly

The exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service, a key goal of the VOC.

Plantations

A large estate or farm, especially in a tropical or subtropical country, where cash crops are cultivated using forced or cheap labor.

Primary Source

An artifact, document, diary, manuscript, autobiography, recording, or any other source of information that was created at the time under study.

Secondary Source

A source that interprets and analyzes primary sources, such as a textbook, history book, or academic article.

Perspective

A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view that shapes how a historical event is interpreted.

Amboyna Massacre

The 1623 torture and execution of Englishmen, Japanese mercenaries, and a Portuguese man by the VOC in Ambon on dubious charges of conspiracy, souring Anglo-Dutch relations.

Arrival of the Dutch in Indonesia under Cornelis de Houtman

The first Dutch expedition to the East Indies, reaching Banten, West Java, in 1596, marking the beginning of Dutch involvement.

Banda Massacre

The VOC's conquest of the Banda Islands in 1621, led by JP Coen, involving the killing, enslavement, or expulsion of most of the native population to enforce a nutmeg monopoly.

Hindu-Buddhist period

The era in Indonesian history from roughly the 4th century to the 15th century, characterized by the rise and fall of powerful kingdoms like Srivijaya and Majapahit.

The Spread of Islam and Sultanates

The process, largely through trade, by which Islam spread from the 13th century onwards, leading to the rise of powerful Sultanates like Demak and Mataram.

Portuguese conquer Malacca

The capture of the strategic trading city of Malacca by Afonso de Albuquerque in 1511, marking the start of European colonial dominance in the region.

The Invasion of Java (1811)

The successful British invasion of Java during the Napoleonic Wars, led by forces under the Governor-General of India, which placed Thomas Stamford Raffles in charge.

The French occupation of Java

The period (1806-1811) when the Netherlands became a French puppet state, making the Dutch East Indies a target for the British, leading to Daendels' governorship.

The French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars

A series of European conflicts (1792-1815) that led to the French occupation of the Netherlands, which in turn caused the British to seize Dutch colonies, including Java.

Colonialism under Dutch, French, British

Refers to the periods of control by these European powers, with the Dutch establishing the longest and most dominant colonial state (VOC then Dutch East Indies).

The rise and fall of VOC

The Dutch East India Company's rise to power in the 17th century as a dominant trading and political force, and its decline into bankruptcy and dissolution by 1799 due to corruption and debt.