CHE 2C Exam 2

alkali metals

flame color, weak bonding (ns1), +1 oxidation, form oxides

hydrogen

-1 +1 0 oxidation, weak bonding (LDF)

alkaline earth metals

ns2, +2 oxidation, in hard water, reactive with water and air

Be

an alkaline earth metal, smallm unreactive, not easily oxidated

Icosagens (group 13)

ns2np1, +1 +3 oxidation

Aluminum (Al)

conductive, forms dimers, most common metal in Earth’s crust, high strength to weight ratio

Noble gases

filled electron shells, ideal gases, LDF

Helium (He)

noble gas, 1s2, very light, diluent, superfluid

Neon (Ne)

noble gas used in lights

Argon (Ar)

noble gas, 3rd most common in air, radioactive dating

Krypton (Kr)

noble gas, fission

halogens

ns2np5, diatomic, LDF, form oxy acids

Chalcogens (group 16)

oxygen and sulfur

Sulfur (S)

chalcogen, form oxides and oxy acids, warfare, hair, stinky, -2 to +6 oxidation

Oxygen (O)

chalcogen, pi bonding, 0,-1,-2 oxidation

Pnictogens (group 15)

multiple oxidations, ns2np3

Nitrogen (N)

pnictogen, explosives, living systems, -3 +5 oxidation

Phosphorous (P)

+3 +5 oxidation, allotropes, living systems, fertilizers

Tetragens (group 14)

carbon, silicon

Carbon (C)

tetragen, life, strong bonds, cyclic and noncyclic bonds, bonds to itself and all other atoms, allotropes, strong pi bonds

Silicon (Si)

tetragen, in Earth’s crust, forms a network covalent solid, weak pi bonds

Boron (B)

icosagen, electron deficient, +3 oxidation, incomplete octet, metalloid, forms clusters and dimers